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 Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not in compliance
with applicable OSHA/MSHA/FHWA requirements.
 It is not the intent of the content developers to provide compliance-based training in
this presentation, the intent is more to address hazard awareness in the construction
and mining industry, and to recognize the overlapping hazards present in many
workplaces.
 It should NOT be assumed that the suggestions, comments, or recommendations
contained herein constitute a thorough review of the applicable standards, nor
should discussion of “issues” or “concerns” be construed as a prioritization of
hazards or possible controls. Where opinions (“best practices”) have been expressed,
it is important to remember that safety issues in general and jobsites specifically will
require a great deal of site- or hazard-specificity – a “one size fits all” approach is not
recommended, nor will it likely be very effective.
 No representation is made as to the thoroughness of the presentation, nor to the
exact methods of remediation to be taken. It is understood that site conditions vary
constantly, and that the developers of this content cannot be held responsible for
safety problems they did not address or could not anticipate, nor those which have
been discussed herein or during physical presentation. It is the responsibility of the
employer, its subcontractors, and its employees to comply with all pertinent rules
and regulations in the jurisdiction in which they work.
 It is assumed that individuals using this presentation or content to augment their
training programs will be “qualified” to do so, and that said presenters will be
otherwise prepared to answer questions, solve problems, and discuss issues with
their audiences.
 Areas of particular concern (or especially suited to discussion) have additional
information provided in the “notes” section of slides throughout the program…as a
presenter, you should be prepared to discuss all of the potential issues/concerns, or
problems inherent in those photos particularly.
Before performing any First
Aid,
Check for:
1. Electrical hazards
2. Chemical hazards
3. Noxious & Toxic gases
4. Ground hazards
5. Fire
6. Unstable equipment
 In order for a person to survive:

Early Early CPR Early Early

Access”911” or First Aid Defibrillation Advanced
You Care
EMS on
Pay attention to: scene Hospital
HISTORY; what happened; from the casualty or bystanders
SYMPTOMS; what only the casualty can tell you
SIGNS; what you can see for yourself
HIV & Hepatitis

Gloves & Respiratory

Barrier devise are a must
to prevent transmission
of diseases
Tuberculosis
DURING TREATMENT
avoid coughing, breathing, or speaking over the
wound
avoid contact with body fluids
use a face shield or mask with one-way-valve when
doing active resuscitation
use only clean bandages and dressings
avoid treating more than one casualty without
washing hands and changing gloves
AFTER TREATMENT
clean up both casualty and yourself
clean up the immediate vicinity
dispose of dressings, bandages, gloves and soiled
clothing correctly
wash hands with soap and water
Activate EMS System
“911”
 1. ABC (airway-breathing-circulation)
 2. Control bleeding
 3. Treat for Shock(medical emergencies)
 4. Open wounds & Burns
 5. Fractures & Dislocations
 6. Transportation
 Causes of Respiratory/Cardiac Arrest

Electrical
Toxic -
Noxious
gases

Drowning Suffocation

Heart Attack Trauma

Drugs Allergic reactions

 If CPR/Artificial respiration is administered
 Chance of brain damage
Oxygenated
0 to 4 minutes - blood flow
must get to
4 to 6 minutes - brain
6 to 10 minutes-
10 minutes + -

Recovery rate of
victim if has
atrificial respiation
done immediately
• Establish responsiveness

 Use chin lift/head tilt

Look.-listen-feel for breathing

Attempt to Ventilate
Ventilate Every 5 seconds

Check pulse Recovery position

 Should be certified to perform this procedure

 If done improperly, could harm victim

 Courses available through Deep Mine Safety at

no cost to mining industry
 open

Tongue closed

obstructed
 Artery Spurting

•Veins Steady flow

•Capillary Oozing

Internal Injuries
 Elevation
Direct Pressure

Pressure bandage
Cold Applications
 Temporal
Where the artery passes
over a bone close to the Facial
skin Carotid

Sub-clavian
Brachial
Radial
Ulnar

Femoral
Popliteal
Pedal
 Absolute last resort
in controlling
bleeding,Remember
Life or the limb

Once a tourniquet is
applied, it is not to be
removed , only by a
doctor
 Shock affects are major
functions of the body
loss of blood flow to the
tissues and organs

Shock must be treated

for in all accident cases
•Lie victim down if possible
•Face is pale-raise the tail
•Face is red-raise the head
•Loosen tight clothing
•Keep victim warm and dry
•Do not give anything by mouth
•No stimulants
HEAT EXHAUSTION
HEAT EXHAUSTION is caused by exertion accompanied by heat and
high humidity. It particularly affects the very young and the elderly.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
pale, clammy skin
profuse and prolonged sweating
cramps in the limbs and/or abdomen
nausea and/or vomiting
headache
lethargy
CARE AND TREATMENT
complete rest in the shade, no further exertion
cool casualty by sponging with tepid water
when nausea passes, give cool water to drink (cautiously)
ensure casualty has assistance when recovered
HEAT STROKE
Heat stroke is potentially fatal. In this condition, the body's temperature regulation center in
the brain has been rendered inoperable, and the temperature continually rises, causing
eventual brain damage. Immediate active intervention is necessary to avoid coma and
death.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

flushed, hot, dry skin the casualty has ceased sweating
rapid, strong pulse (sometimes irregular)
irrational or aggressive behavior staggering gait
visual disturbances vomiting
collapse and seizures coma - death
CARE AND TREATMENT
urgent ambulance transport complete rest in shade
remove casualty's clothing
cool casualty with any means possible
be prepared to resuscitate as required
nothing by mouth - dehydration is required by intravenous fluids
administered by a doctor or ambulance crew
HYPOTHERMIA
HYPOTHERMIA is a potentially fatal condition that especially affects the elderly. The body's core
temperature has been lowered to the extent that the brain function is impaired and the heart's
activity is about to be compromised. Urgent first aid intervention is required.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
pale, cold skin - no capillary return when fingernails are pressed
slow pulse, sometimes skipping a beat
slow, shallow respirations blurred, or double, vision
casualty is silent, appears asleep, difficult to rouse; may be unconscious
casualty experiences a sense of 'wellbeing' absence of shivering
If very cold, may have non-reacting pupils and appear 'death-like'
CARE AND TREATMENT
urgent ambulance transport
warm casualty slowly, wrap in 'space blanket' or similar
if wet, leave less bulky clothing on and warm slowly
once casualty commences shivering, reassess heating
nothing by mouth until fully recovered
be prepared for sudden collapse and resuscitation
Find out if victim has past diabetic history
Insulin Shock (Hypoglycemia)
Result of insufficient sugar- Fast onset
•Cold clammy skin, pale, rapid respiration's and pulse,
incoherent
•Treat by giving sugar bases products

Diabetic coma (Ketoacidosis)

Too much sugar or insufficient insulin- Slow onset
•Warm, dry skin, slow respirations, smell of rotten fruit on
breath
•True medical emergency, activate EMS system immediately
Rattlesnake Copperhead Black Widow Brown Recluse

Limit activity
Constricting bandage above
Cold application
Advanced medical attention
 Thermal burns
Cool application
Cool application Dry sterile dressing,
Don’t break treat for shock
blisters
Severe Burns and Scalds
Treatment:
Cool the burn area with water for 10 to 20 minutes. Or use Burn Jel.
Lay the casualty down and make him as comfortable as possible,
protecting burn area from ground contact.
Gently remove any rings, watches, belts or constricting clothing from the
injured area before it begins to swell.
Cover the injured area loosely with sterile unmediated dressing or
similar non fluffy material and bandage.
Don't remove anything that is sticking to the burn.
Don't apply lotions, ointments, butter or fat to the injury.
Don't break blisters or otherwise interfere with the injured area.
Don't over-cool the patient and cause shivering.
If breathing and heartbeat stop, begin resuscitation immediately,
If casualty is unconscious but breathing normally, place in the
recovery position.
Treat for shock.
Send for medical attention.
Minor Burns and Scalds
Treatment:
Place the injured part under slowly running water, or
soak in cold water for 10 minutes or as long as pain
persists.
Gently remove any rings, watches, belts, and shoes
from the injured area before it starts to swell.
Dress with clean, sterile, non fluffy material.
Don't use adhesive dressings.
Don't apply lotions, ointments or fat to burn/ scald.
Don't break blisters or otherwise interfere.
If in doubt, seek medical aid.
Chemical Burns

Treatment:
Flood the area with slowly running water
for at least ten minutes.
Gently remove contaminated clothing
while flooding injured area, taking care not
to contaminate yourself.
Continue treatment for SEVERE BURNS
Remove to hospital.
Must treat for bleeding first
Don’t straighten break
Treat the way you found it

Do not push
bones back
into place
 Dislocations

The most common dislocations occur in the shoulder, elbow,

finger, or thumb.

LOOK FOR THESE SIGNS:

1. swelling
2. deformed look
3. pain and tenderness
4. possible discoloration of the affected area

IF A DISLOCATION IS SUSPECTED...
1. Apply a splint to the joint to keep it from moving.
2. Try to keep joint elevated to slow bloodflow to the area
3. A doctor should be contacted to have the bone set back into
its socket.
Must be a straight line break Can be formed to shape of
deformity

Be careful of temperature
change
 Head Injuries
A sharp blow to the head could result in a concussion, a jostling of the brain
inside its protective, bony covering. A more serious head injury may result in
contusions, or bruises to the brain.

OTHER SYMPTOMS TO LOOK FOR IF YOU SUSPECT A VICTIM MAY HAVE

A BRAIN INJURY:
1. clear or reddish fluid draining from the ears, nose, or mouth
2. difficulty in speaking
3. headache
4. unequal size of pupils
5. pale skin
6. paralysis of an arm or leg (opposite side of the injury) or face (same side of
the injury)

PROPER CARE:
1. While waiting on help to arrive, keep the victim lying down in the recovery
position
2. Control any bleeding, and be sure that he is breathing properly.
3. Do not give the victim any liquids to drink.
4. If the victim becomes unconscious for any amount of time, keep track of this
information so that you can report it when medical help arrives.
CARE AND TREATMENT
ABC
extreme care in initial
examination — minimal
movement
urgent ambulance transport
apply cervical collar
treat for shock
treat any other injuries
maintain body heat
if movement required, 'log roll'
and use assistants
always maintain casualty's head
in line with the shoulders
Lifting techniques
Two person carry

Lift & roll

4 person straddle