Match each fraction under Column A to its equivalent decimal under Column B.

Operations on
Rational
Numbers
 Addition and Subtraction of
Rational Numbers

In adding and subtracting fractions, we

have to consider if they are similar
fractions, dissimilar fractions or
mixed fractions.
 Addition and Subtraction of
Rational Numbers
• SIMILAR FRACTIONS
Similar fractions are fractions that have the same
denominator.

𝟕 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏𝟏
𝟖 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖 denominator
Fractions can be added and subtracted only when these
fractions are similar fractions.
 Addition and Subtraction of
Rational Numbers
If a, b and c denote integers, and b ≠ 0, then

𝒂 𝒄 𝒂+ 𝒄 𝒂 𝒄 𝒂− 𝒄
𝒃 + 𝒃 = 𝒃 and
𝒃 - 𝒃 = 𝒃
 Addition and Subtraction of
Rational Numbers

Examples of Addition of Similar Fractions :

𝟏 𝟐 𝟏+𝟐 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑 𝟓+𝟑 𝟖
𝟓 + 𝟓 = 𝟓 = 𝟓 𝟐𝟏 + 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟐𝟏 = 𝟐𝟏
 Addition and Subtraction of
Rational Numbers

Examples of Subtraction of Similar Fractions:

𝟔 𝟐 𝟔 −𝟐 𝟒 𝟖 𝟒 𝟖−𝟒 𝟒
𝟕 - 𝟕 = 𝟕 = 𝟕 𝟏𝟓 - 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟏𝟓
 Addition and Subtraction of
Rational Numbers
• DISSIMILAR FRACTIONS
Dissimilar fractions are fractions with different
denominators.
𝟏 𝟓 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟐 𝟑 𝟔 𝟖 denominator
Dissimilar fractions cannot be added or subtracted directly. First, you
need to convert dissimilar fractions to similar fractions.
 Steps in Adding and
Subtracting Fractions
𝒂 𝒄
1. With different denominators, 𝒃and , where b ≠ 0 and d ≠ 0,
𝒅
Rename the fractions to make them similar which denominator is the least
common multiple of b and d.

2. Add or subtract the numerators of the resulting fractions.

3. Write the result as a fraction whose numerator is the sum or difference of

the numerators and which denominator is the least common multiple of b
and d.
 Addition and Subtraction of
Rational Numbers
Example of Addition of Dissimilar Fraction:
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟖 𝟓 𝟏𝟑
𝟓 + 𝟒 Find the LCM of 5
𝟓 + 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟎 + =
𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎
and 4.

𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟐𝟏 𝟒 𝟐𝟓
+ Find the LCM of 4 𝟒 + 𝟕 = 𝟐𝟖 + 𝟐𝟖 = 𝟐𝟖
𝟒 𝟕
and 7.
 Addition and Subtraction of
Rational Numbers
Example of Subtraction of Dissimilar Fraction:
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟖 𝟓 𝟑
𝟓 - 𝟒 Find the LCM of 5
𝟓 - 𝟒 = 𝟐𝟎 - =
𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎
and 4.

𝟒 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏 𝟒 𝟑 𝟏
- Find the LCM of 9 𝟗 - 𝟑 = 𝟗- 𝟗 =𝟗
𝟗 𝟑
and 3.
 Addition and Subtraction of
Rational Numbers
• MIXED NUMBERS
Mixed Numbers are quantities that have a whole number
part and a fraction part.
𝟏 𝟐
3 𝟒 fraction
7 𝟑

whole number

In converting mixed numbers to improper fraction, copy the denominator,

multiply denominator and whole number, then add the numerator.
 Steps in Adding and Subtracting
Mixed Numbers

1. Find the LCD of the fractions in the mixed numbers to make them similar
fractions.

2. Add or subtract the whole numbers and the similar fractions.

3. Simplify if the resulting fraction is improper fraction.

 Addition of Mixed
Numbers
𝟑 𝟐 Whole number Fraction
2 𝟒 +1𝟑 𝟑 𝟐
2+1 𝟒 + 𝟑
Add the whole number and the fractions.
𝟑 𝟐 𝟗 𝟖 𝟏𝟕
2+1=3 𝟒 + 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐

Add the whole number and the fractions.

𝟏𝟕 𝟓 𝟓
3 𝟏𝟐 3 + 1 𝟏𝟐 4 𝟏𝟐
 Subtraction of Mixed
Numbers
𝟏 𝟏 Whole number Fraction
3𝟐 -1𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
3-1 𝟐 - 𝟑
Subtract the whole number and the fractions.
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
3-1=2 𝟐 - 𝟑 = 𝟔 - 𝟔 = 𝟔

𝟏
2 𝟔
 Addition and Subtraction of
Decimal

Decimals are added and subtracted just like

whole numbers, align the decimal points, add or
subtract the numbers in columns and insert the
decimal point in the answer immediately beneath
the decimal points in the numbers being added
or subtracted.
Addition of Decimals Subtraction of Decimals

1. 0.005 + 9.684 1. 37.348 - 10.634

2. 34.095 + 8.68 2. 65.030 - 26.732

Perform the indicated operation.
𝟐 𝟑 𝟕 𝟐
1.
𝟗 + 𝟗
5.
𝟗 - 𝟗

𝟓 𝟒 𝟒 𝟏
2.
𝟏𝟏 + 𝟏𝟏
6.
𝟗 - 𝟒

𝟕 𝟑 𝟓 𝟏
7. 2
3.
𝟐𝟎 + 𝟖 𝟏𝟐 - 𝟑

𝟏 𝟐 𝟓 𝟐
𝟕 - 3𝟕
4. 8𝟒 + 𝟕 8. 9
Perform the indicated operation.

1. 5.84 + 3.81 3. 129.08 – 3.52

2. 12.7 + 5.62 4. 84.52 – 41.8

Solve the following problem. Convert your answer into decimal
1. Tatay cleaned the room and swept the yard before leaving the
house. It took him ¼ hour to clean his room and 2/4 hour to
sweep the yard. How many hours did he work before he left for
the automotive shop?

2. Jay and Rey are comparing their heights. If Jay’s height is 120
¾ cm. and Rey’s height is 96 1/3 cm. What is the difference in
their heights?
EVALAUTION:
Solve the following problem. Express your answer in fraction.

1. Mt. Everest in the Himalayas at 8,488 km is the highest mountain in the world. The
Marianas Trench in the Pacific Ocean at 11.03 km is the deepest part of the ocean. Find
the vertical distance from the top of the highest mountain in the world to the deepest part
of the ocean.

2. The new rate of increase per kilowatt hour of electricity is Php0.125. What is the
resulting rate if the original rate per kilowatt hour was Php 8.97?

3. A serving of fish has 15.2 g of protein. A serving of beef of the same size has
22.1g. How much more protein there is in beef than in the fish?
 Multiplication and Division
of Rational Numbers
Multiplying and dividing whole numbers is of great help in
multiplying and dividing rational numbers.
Try This!

1.Multiply 13 by 14.
2. Divide 125 by 5.
Multiplication of Fraction/Rational Numbers
To find the product of fraction, we simply multiply the numerators and
multiply 𝒂 𝒄 𝒂𝒄
the denominators. Write the answer in simplest form. 𝒃 • 𝒅 = 𝒃𝒅

Example 1:
It takes Aida ¾ of an hour to complete a piece of cross-stitch. How many
hours will it take her to complete a dozen pieces?
Example 2:

Find the product ()()

𝟑
𝟓
𝟐
𝟑
Division of Fraction/Rational Numbers
a. To divide fractions, multiply the dividend by the multiplicative inverse
(reciprocal) of the divisor.
b. If the given is a mixed fraction, change to improper fraction and follow
the first rule. 𝒂 𝒄 𝒂 𝒅
𝒃 ÷𝒅 = 𝒃 • 𝒄

Example 1:
A 20-liter tank is to be filled with water by repeatedly pouring from a can
which holds 2 ½ liters. How many water pouring from a can are needed
to fill the tank?
Example 2:

𝟐 𝟐
Find the quotient. 6 ÷ 1 𝟑
𝟑
 Multiplication and Division
of Decimals

The rules in multiplying and dividing decimals is almost the

same as the rules in multiplying whole numbers except that
you must be extra cautious of the decimal point.
Multiplication of Decimals
Example:
1. Multiply 321.4 by 0.31
1. Arrange the numbers vertically 3. Starting from the rightmost end of the product, move the decimal
point to the left the same number of places as the sum of the decimal
321.4 places in the multiplicand and the multiplier.

x 0.31
2. Multiply the numbers, as if you are
multiplying whole numbers.

+
Multiplication of Decimals
Example:
2. Multiply12.123 by 3.05
1. Arrange the numbers vertically 3. Starting from the rightmost end of the product, move the decimal
point to the left the same number of places as the sum of the decimal
places in the multiplicand and the multiplier.

2. Multiply the numbers, as if you are

multiplying whole numbers.

+
Division of Decimals
Example:
1. Divide 12.159 by 3
If the divisor is a whole number, divide the dividend by the divisor applying the rules of a
whole number. The position of the decimal point is the same as that in the dividend.
Division of Decimals
Example:
2. Divide 365.55 by 1.5
If the divisor is not a whole number, make the divisor a whole number by moving the
decimal point in the divisor to the rightmost end, making the number seem like a whole
number.

Move the decimal

point in the dividend
to the right the same
number of places
as the decimal point
was moved to make
the divisor a whole
number.
A.Multiply the following. A.Divide the following.

1. 562.31 x 25 1. 34.625 ÷ 5
2. 0.123 x 0.005 2. 80.96 ÷ 2.3
𝟓 𝟐 𝟐
3. x 3. 20 ÷ 𝟑
𝟔 𝟑
𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 𝟑
4. 2 x 4. 𝟏𝟐 ÷ 𝟒
𝟕 𝟓
Evaluation: Write only the letter of your choice.
1. Multiply 23.41 by 8.
A. 187.28 B. 187.29 C. 187.30 D. 187.31
2. Divide 25.48 by 7.
A. 2.63 B. 2.64 C. 3.63 D. 3.64
3. Find the product of 1.32 and 23.51.
A. 31.0332 B. 31.0333 C. 31.1332 D. 31.1333
4. Fill in the blank: ______ ÷ 3.5 = 32.01.
A. 112.005 B. 112.015 C. 112.115 D. 112.035
5. Arjay bought 8.75 meters of cloth for 813.75. Find the cost price per
meter.
A. 92.00 B. 93.00 C. 94.00 D. 95.00