UNIT 5 : POLITICAL DIVISIONS and

PHYSICAL FEATURES
AFRICA is divided
into 5 regions,
1. NORTHERN AFRICA
2. WESTERN AFRICA
3. CENTRAL AFRICA
4. EASTERN AFRICA
5. SOUTHERN AFRICA
Africa, the second-largest continent, is
bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the
Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the
Atlantic Ocean. It is divided in half almost
equally by the Equator.

Africa has eight major physical regions:

the Sahara
the Sahel
the Ethiopian Highlands
the savanna
the Swahili Coast
the rainforest
the African Great Lakes
the Southern Africa
THE SAHARA and THE SAHEL
Africa, the second-largest continent, is
bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the
Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the
Atlantic Ocean. It is divided in half almost
equally by the Equator.

Africa has eight major physical regions:

the Sahara
the Sahel
the Ethiopian Highlands
the savanna
the Swahili Coast
the rainforest
the African Great Lakes
the Southern Africa
THE ETHIOPIAN HIGHLANDS
Africa, the second-largest continent, is
bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the
Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the
Atlantic Ocean. It is divided in half almost
equally by the Equator.

Africa has eight major physical regions:

the Sahara
the Sahel
the Ethiopian Highlands
the savanna
the Swahili Coast
the rainforest
the African Great Lakes
the Southern Africa
THE SAVANNA
Africa, the second-largest continent, is
bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the
Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the
Atlantic Ocean. It is divided in half almost
equally by the Equator.

Africa has eight major physical regions:

the Sahara
the Sahel
the Ethiopian Highlands
the savanna
the Swahili Coast
the rainforest
the African Great Lakes
the Southern Africa
THE SWAHILI COAST
Africa, the second-largest continent, is
bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the
Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the
Atlantic Ocean. It is divided in half almost
equally by the Equator.

Africa has eight major physical regions:

the Sahara
the Sahel
the Ethiopian Highlands
the savanna
the Swahili Coast
the rainforest
the African Great Lakes
the Southern Africa
THE RAINFOREST
=
Africa, the second-largest continent, is
bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the
Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the
Atlantic Ocean. It is divided in half almost
equally by the Equator.

Africa has eight major physical regions:

the Sahara
the Sahel
the Ethiopian Highlands
the savanna
the Swahili Coast
the rainforest
the African Great Lakes
the Southern Africa
THE GREAT AFRICAN LAKES
Africa, the second-largest continent, is
bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, the
Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the
Atlantic Ocean. It is divided in half almost
equally by the Equator.

Africa has eight major physical regions:

the Sahara
the Sahel
the Ethiopian Highlands
the savanna
the Swahili Coast
the rainforest
the African Great Lakes
the Southern Africa
THE SOUTHERN AFRICA
UNIT 6 : CLIMATE, NATURAL VEGETATION
and WILDLIFE
FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE
CLIMATE OF AFRICA
• Latitude
• Altitude
• Presence of Oceans and Seas
• Ocean Currents
LATITUDE
ALTITUDE
The temperature falls
with increasing altitude.

Mt. Kilimanjaro in
Tanzania and Mt. Kenya
are equatorial
mountains that have
snow-covered peaks.
PRESENCE of Oceans and Seas

NORTH – Mediterranean Sea

EAST – Red Sea and Indian Ocean

WEST – Atlantic Ocean

OCEAN CURRENTS

COOL CURRENTS
Canary Current (Sahara Desert)
Benguela Current (Kalahari and Namib)

WARM CURRENTS
Mozambique Current
Guinea Current
EQUATORIAL TYPE

They are hot and wet

all year round – this
creates a humid
climate. The annual
rainfall is high as it
rains almost every day.
 EQUATORIAL TYPE

This region supports the growth of dense tropical rainforests. The

important trees that grow here are mahogany, ebony and
greenheart. Woody creepers called lianas, which hang from
shorter trees also grow here.
EQUATORIAL TYPE
EQUATORIAL TYPE
THE SAVANNA or TROPICAL GRASSLAND TYPE

Tropical grasslands are located

near the equator. They
have warmer, wetter climates
and experience more
pronounced seasonal droughts.
Savannahs are dominated by
grasses but also have some
scattered trees. Their soil is very
porous and drains rapidly.
 THE SAVANNA or TROPICAL GRASSLAND TYPE

Tropical grasslands usually support scattered trees, and this mixture is

called a "savanna”. Savannas actually encompass a broad spectrum of
vegetation types from pure grasses and forbs at one end through trees
and shrubs at variable densities to thorn forest at the other end, which
in turn grades into tropical dry forest in areas of higher precipitation. 
THE SAVANNA or TROPICAL GRASSLAND TYPE
THE HOT DESERT TYPE
Temperatures are generally
high, including the earth's
extremes, but it may be
cold at night (daily
temperature variation is
more extreme in dry
climates) and very cold in
winter in higher-latitude
deserts. The zone is
characterized by low
precipitation
 THE HOT DESERT TYPE

The desert is a sea of sand and rock. Grasses, cacti and

bushes grow in places where there is little moisture.
Date palms grow in oases.
THE HOT DESERT TYPE
THE MEDITERRANEAN TYPE
The concept of
Mediterranean climate is
characterized by mild wet
winters and warm to hot,
dry summers and occur on
the west side of continents
between about 30° and 40°
latitude. However, the
presence of a relatively
large mass of water is
unique to the actual
Mediterranean region.
 THE MEDITERRANEAN TYPE

The trees are generally short and evergreen. Olive

trees, citrus fruit trees like orange, cedar trees and
grapevines grow here. Fruit cultivation is an important
occupation.
THE MEDITERRANEAN TYPE
THE MOUNTAIN TYPE
Highland climate is the
climate of 'high' 'land'.
So, this climate is found
in high mountain areas.
It is found on single
mountains such as
Mount Kilimanjaro and
also large areas of high
elevation such as the
Plateau of Tibet
 THE MOUNTAIN TYPE

The tropical highlands of Africa, often referred to as an

afro alpine ecosystem, exist along the Great Rift Valleys
of East and Central Africa, which extend through Kenya,
Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Burundi, and Rwanda.
THE MOUNTAIN TYPE
 TYPE VEGETATION WILDLIFE

EQUATORIAL TYPE

SAVANNA TYPE

HOT DESERT TYPE

MEDITERRANEAN TYPE

TEMPERATE GRASSLAND

TROPICAL MONSOON

MOUNTAIN TYPE