IN THE NAME

OF ALLAH
The City School
• Online session
• Class: Grade 10
• Topic: Early Problems
• Sub Topics:
Refugee’s Crises
 Canal Water Dispute
 Learning Outcomes

By the end of the session

students will be able to write
the difficulties faced by
Pakistan and solutions adopted
after partition of India 1947.
 Need to understand &
prepare
• What was the problem or issue? (4)
• Why did Pakistan face this problem? (7)
• How did it resolve? Or efforts…(7)
• ‘Was this the most pressing difficulty faced by
Pakistan in 1947’? Explain. (14)
• How successful was Pakistan in solving its early
difficulties? (14)
 Refugee’s Crises

• Since announcement by Attlee (Feb 1947) violence

and mass killing of Muslim started in Sub-continent.
• June and July 1947 was peak time when Muslims
were killed and were forced to leave their residential
areas.
• 10 Million People migrated to both east and west
Pakistan in 1947. Most of them migrated to
Karachi.
 Why did Pakistan face
refugee problem in 1947?
• Large no of People migrated to Pakistan. It was
difficult for government to accommodate such a
large no of people as it is considered as world
largest migration.
• Pakistan had issues over division of assets and its
economy was very weak.
• Due to unjust Radcliff award, people found
themselves in wrong place and migrated again
which added to crises.
• Violence by Hindus and Sikhs on Muslims.
 SOLUTIONS:
• Jinnah shifted his HQ from Karachi to Lahore
• ‘Quid relief fund’ was established and Jinnah appealed
to the rich & established class for support
• 1950, Minority pact was signed between PM Liaqat Ali
khan and Jawaharlal Nehru to stop movement of
people across the boarders. and visa system started
Also both guaranteed the rights of minorities.
• In 1964 Ayub appointed General Azam Khan to settled
the claims of the refugees. (ministry for rehabilitation)
 CANAL WATER DISPUTE:
Why?

• In 1947, According to Radcliff Award, Ferozpur

was given to India and it contained canal
headwork’s of the rivers coming to Pakistan.
crises/?
• on 1st April 1948. India stopped water to
Pakistan. problem?
• In 1950’s water supply was continuously
interfered by India especially in 1953.
 SOLUTIONS:
• 1947, India promised no interference in water supply.
• May 1948, a temporary treaty was signed by Jinah,
according to which India started water supply in
return of huge sum of money. India also commented
that Pakistan must find alternative water supply..
• 1960, Indus Basin water treaty was signed with the
help of World Bank. 3 rivers were given to Pakistan,
( Indus, Chenab Jhelum,) and 3 rivers to India (Ravi,
Bias, Sutlej) Also extensive irrigation system was built
with the support of Western countries and India.
 Why Pakistan was too
interested in solving problem
in UN?
•Pakistan needed a legal document or authorized
body against India.
•Pakistan wanted to raise ferozpur issue in UN.
•While doing this Kashmir issue was also
highlighted.
 QUESTION/ ANSWER
SESSION
Wrap up…….

• Any issues or concerns so far?

• Participants feed back session via chat box.