ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC

AND PROFESSIONAL
PURPOSES
MODULE 1
OBJECTIVE

1. Differentiate language used in

academic texts from various disciplines.
What is Academic writing?
• It refers to a style of expression that researchers and
professionals use to define the intellectual boundaries of their
disciplines and their specific areas of expertise.
• It is characterized by its formal tone, use of third person, clear
focus on the problem under investigation, and precise word
choice.
• Academic text in English is linear. It has one central point or
theme.
• Its objective is TO INFORM rather than to entertain.
FOUR FEATURES OF AN ACADEMIC
TEXT
1. FORMALITY- the academic writing is formal and logical. It must be
cohesive and possess a logically organized flow of ideas; this means that
the various parts are connected to form a unified whole.
2. OBJECTIVITY- This means that the main emphasis is given on the
information and arguments that the author wants to convey rather than
on personal opinion. ( Fewer use of personal pronouns like “I” , “you”.
More on nouns and adjectives rather than verbs and adverbs)
3. EXPLICITNESS – the text can be explicit by the use of different signaling
words or signposts that allow the readers to trace the relationships in the
parts of a study.
Examples of signal words
DESCRIPTION –FOR EXAMPLE, FOR INSTANCE,
SUCH AS, TO ILLUSTRATE
SEQUENCE – FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, ETC.
LATER, NEXT, BEFORE, THEN, FINALLY
COMPARE/CONTRAST – HOWEVER, ON THE
OTHER HAND, BUT, SIMILARLY
4. ACCURACY
Academic writing uses vocabulary accurately.
Awareness of the words used is important
because words that have almost the same
denotation ( dictionary meaning) can have
different connotations ( implied meanings).
Grammar rules are also followed to avoid
confusion among readers.
What to Do
Under Explore
Enrichment Activity 1. THE DOCTOR IS IN
then answer ASSESSMENT 1
EAPP MODULE 2
Reading academic texts is done for different purposes:
• It locate the main idea
• Scan for information
• Identify gaps in existing studies
• Connect new ideas to existing ones
• It serves as a reference to support a particular assignment and
helps in deeply understanding an existing idea.
ACADEMIC TEXT CONSISTS OF THREE
MAJOR COMPONENTS
INTRODUCTION
BODY
CONCLUSION
LOCATING INFORMATION IN AN
ACADEMIC TEXT
ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS ( definition, cause and
effect, problem/solution)
PURPOSE ( explains the meaning of new words or
phrases)
TRANSITIONAL DEVICES ( is, refers to, defined as, is
called, is a term that)

(See page 5 of module 2)

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC
AND PROFESSIONAL
PURPOSES MODULE 3
SUMMARIZING TECHNIQUES
Answer the following:
1. Since your elementary years, how many times do you
think you have written a summary?
2. How do you feel when your teacher asks you to
summarize a text? List down at least three (3) feelings
you had.
3. Was summarizing an easy, average, or difficult task for
you?
Agree or Disagree?
1. Summary is a dumb thing that teacher makes you write.
2. Summary is the entire text, told in your own words.
3. You write your own opinions, like “This was a great story!”, in
your summary.
4. In writing a summary, the format is always in a paragraph
form.
5. The length of the summary depends on how many important
details it needs to cover.
WHAT IS SUMMARY?
 BRIEF OR SHORT STATEMENT OR ACCOUNT OF SOMETHING THAT CONSISTS
OF THE MAIN IDEAS AND IMPORTANT DETAILS OF A TEXT.
 THERE IS NO DEFINITE OR EXACT LENGTH OF A SUMMARY.
 A SUMMARY HAS NO PLACE FOR OPINIONS. IT IS NOT A FORM OF OPINION
ARTICLE.
 A SUMMARY IS NOT LENGTHY.
MAIN IDEA AND KEY POINTS
Main Idea- can be Explicit or Implicit
Key Points – arguments or in formation that
are used to support the main idea.
HOW TO SUMMARIZE?
• M – MAIN IDEA
• I – IDENTIFY KEY POINTS
• D – DISREGARD UNIMPORTANT INFORMATION
• A – ANALYZE REDUNDANT INFORMATION
• S – SIMPLIFY, CATEGORIZE, AND LABEL IMPORTANT INFORMATION
OTHER SUMMARIZING TECHNIQUES
1.ONE-WORD SUMMARIES – ONE GOOD WORD THAT FITS THE ENTIRE TOPIC.
2.GIST STRATEGY – FILL IN THE 5 Ws and H.
3.SUMMARY STAR – 1.ONE WORD TITLE 2. TWO FEELINGS THE TEXT CONVEYS
4. THREE WORDS ABOUT THE SETTING 4. FOUR WORDS TO TELL ABOUT THE
PROBLEM 5. FIVE WORDS TO TELL ABOUT THE SUMMARY
5. STORY PYRAMID
ORDER: THEME, SETTING, CHARACTERS, MAIN EVENTS, PROBLEM,
RESOLUTION.
6. PROBLEM SOLUTIOIN CHART – END RESULT SOLUTIONS IS AT THE END.
7. ACROSTICS –CHOOSE A KEY WORD
EXAMPLE: HONESTY
8.CHAIN OF EVENTS – IDENTIFYING AND PLACING THE ORDER OF EVENTS AS
THEY HAPPENED IN THE STORY.
9. RAFT TECHNIQUE
R-ROLE ( FROM WHOSE POINT OF VIEW)
A –AUDIENCE ( THE SPECIFIC READER)
F –FORM OR FORMAT ( A LETTER, MEMO)
T – TOPIC ( SPECIFIC SUB JECT OF THE WRITING)
10. KEY POINTS SUMMARY – MAKE KEY POINTS FROM THE TEXT IN A BULLET
FORM.