21st Century Literature

from the Philippines and

the World
21st Century Literature
 What is 21 Century Literature?
st

All literary works written and published at

the latter part of the 21st century (from 2001
onwards)
 written by contemporary
authors
deals with current themes/
issues and reflects a
technological culture
Often breaks traditional
writing rules
Emerging genres like IM and
blog format books, Digi-fiction,
doodle and graphic novel
MODULE 1

Lesson 2: Representative
Texts and Authors from the
Regions
Regional Literature

 Ilocano Literature
 Tagalog Literature
 Cebuano Literature
  Ilocano Literature
Brief History:
When the Spaniards arrived in Ilocos Norte in 1572, it took a toll on
Ilocano literature. During the Spanish era, Ilocano poetry was heavily
influenced by Spanish poetry. The earliest known written Ilocano
poems were the romances translated from Spanish by Francisco
Lopez -an Augustinian friar who published his Iloko translation of the
Doctrina Cristiana (first book published in the Philippines by Cardinal
Bellarmine) in 1621.

Regional Literature…
  Ilocano Literature
Ilocano literature is one of the most vibrant Filipino
literatures throughout the ages.

 Ilocano regions are also one of the most active

tributaries in the Philippine literature next to Cebuano,
Bikol, Hiligaynon, Pangasinense, and Tagalog.

Regional Literature…
  Ilocano Literature
 Prior to the Spanish colonial period, the Ilocano
literature is purely alive in form of written and oral
literature.

 The ancient Ilocano poets expressed themselves in folk

and war songs.

Regional Literature…
 Notable Ilocano Authors and their Works :
 PEDRO BUKANEG
considered the FATHER of ILOCANO
literature
A Filipino poet believed to have
authored of parts of the Ilocano epic
Biag ni Lam-ang (life of Lam-ang)
 blind since birth

Regional Literature…
 Notable Ilocano Authors and their Works :

 FRANCISCO SIONIL JOSE

One of the most widely read Filipino
writers in the English language.
 His novels and short stories depict
the social underpinnings of class
struggle and colonialism in Filipino
society.

Regional Literature…
 Notable Ilocano Authors and their Works :

 FRANCISCO SIONIL JOSE

Regional Literature…
 Notable Ilocano Authors and their Works :

 Carlos Bulosan
Father Goes to Court, America is in the Heart
 Manuel Arguilla
How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife

Regional Literature…
 Notable Ilocano Authors and their Works :

 Carlos Bulosan
Father Goes to Court, America is in the Heart
 Manuel Arguilla
How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife

Regional Literature…
 About the author…

 CARLOS ANGELES

 Carlos Palanca Memorial Awardee in Poetry in

1964, Carlos A. Angeles.
 His collection of poems entitled, Stun of Jewels,
also bagged him the Republic Cultural Heritage
Award in Literature in the same year.

Regional Literature…
 IMAGERY
A poetic element that tries to create a picture in the mind
of the reader or a mental image through the use of figural
language. It represents objects, places, ideas, or even
actions that appeal to the senses of the readers.
Example:

Original Sentence:  She drank water on a hot day.

Added Imagery: The cool, refreshing water quenched her thirst as the
scorching sun radiated on her.
 TYPES OF IMAGERY
1. Visual imagery engages the sense of sight. This is what you can see,
and includes visual descriptions. Physical attributes including color, size,
shape, lightness and darkness, shadows, and shade are all part of visual
imagery.
Examples:

1. The crimson apple glistened in her hand.

2. Misty plopped down on the comfortable couch, but it was difficult for
her to relax when the room was a disaster area-toys and shoes and books
and dishes were strewn about.
 TYPES OF IMAGERY
2. Gustatory imagery engages the sense of taste. This is what you can
taste, and includes flavors. This can include the five basic tastes—sweet,
salty, bitter, sour, and umami—as well as the textures and sensations tied
to the act of eating.
Examples:

1. The warm, salty broth soothed her sore throat as she ate the soup.

2. The boy bit into the ripe peach and smiled as the sweet, soft fruit filled
his mouth, and the juice ran down his chin.
 TYPES OF IMAGERY
3. Tactile imagery engages the sense of touch. This is what you can
feel, and includes textures and the many sensations a human being
experiences when touching something. Differences in temperature is
also a part of tactile imagery.

Examples:

1. Prickly cactus posed as an obstacle to the men as hiked.

2. A gust of cold air blew over her, causing her body to shiver. After she
pulled the fuzzy blanket up to her chin, she was warm and cozy.
 TYPES OF IMAGERY
4. Olfactory imagery engages the sense of smell. Scent is one of the most direct
triggers of memory and emotion, but can be difficult to write about. Since taste and
smell are so closely linked, you’ll sometimes find the same words (such as “sweet”)
used to describe both. Simile is common in olfactory imagery, because it allows writers
to compare a particular scent to common smells like dirt, grass, manure, or roses.

Examples:

1. The athlete’s sweaty gym clothes left a musty odor in the laundry room.

2. The sweet fragrance of honeysuckle always reminded Jenny of her

mother’s perfume.
 TYPES OF IMAGERY
5. Auditory imagery engages the sense of hearing. This is the way
things sound. Literary devices such as onomatopoeia and alliteration can
help create sounds in writing.

Examples:

1. As she walked through the wintery woods, her teeth chattered and the
leaves crunched under her feet.

2. The roaring thunder frightened the little boy.

 A taste of Philippine Poetry:

Regional Literature…