Inquiry

Inquiry is the process of finding answers to

questions. 
Synonymous with the word “investigation”. When
you inquire or investigate, you tend to ask questions
to probe or examine something.
Inquiry

You do this kind of examination through your

HOTS or higher-order thinking strategies of
inferential, analytical, critical, creative and
appreciative thinking to discover more
understandable or meaningful things beyond such
object of your inquiry.
Inquiry

Thinking in this manner makes you ask open-

ended questions to elicit views, opinions and
beliefs of others in relation to your research.
Inquiry

An open-ended question is a question that cannot be

answered with a "yes" or "no" response, or with a
static response. Open-ended questions are phrased
as a statement which requires a longer response. 
Research

Research is scientific, experimental or

inductive manner of thinking. Starting from
particular to more complex ideas reflected
by these research activities:
Research

Identifying the topic or problem.

Gathering data
Making theories
Formulating hypothesis
Analyzing data
Drawing conclusion
Research

Cognitively driven terms like empirical,

logical, cyclical, analytical, critical,
methodical and replicable are the right
descriptive words to characterize research.
Research

The data you work on in research do not

come mainly from you but also from other
sources of knowledge like people, books and
artworks among others.
Research

Hence, one cardinal principle in research is

to give acknowledgement to owners of all
sources of knowledge involved in your
research work.
Quantitative Research

• Expressions like numerical forms,

objective thinking, statistical methods
and measurement signal the existence
of quantitative research. One word that
reflects the true nature of this type of
research is numerical.
Quantitative Research

• This term, numerical, is a descriptive

word pertaining to or denoting a
number or symbol to express how many,
how much, or what rank things are or
have in this world.
Characteristics of Quantitative Research

• Because quantitative research uses

numbers and figures, this kind of research
requires you to focus your full attention
on the object of your study. Doing this,
you tend to exclude your own thoughts
and feelings about the subject or object.
Characteristics of Quantitative Research

•This is why quantitative research

is described as objective
research in contrast to
qualitative research that is
subjective.
Classifications of Quantitative Research

•Quantitative research is of two

kinds: experimental and non-
experimental. Each of these has
sub-types.
Classifications of Quantitative Research

•Under experimental: true

experimental, quasi-
experimental, single and pre-
experimental.
Classifications of Quantitative Research

•Quasi-experimental comes in
several types: match
comparative group, time series
and counterbalanced quasi-
experimental.
Classifications of Quantitative Research

•Non-experimental research:
survey, historical, observational,
correlational, descriptive and
comparative research.
TRY THIS!

•Based on your thesis,

create 10 questions that
CANNOT be answered by
“yes” or “no”.
Experimental Research
Definition

• Experimental research is a quantitative

research that treats or deals with the object
or subject of the research in a definite or
exact manner and determines the extent of
the effects or influence of the treatment on
the subject/object, then discovers the
causes of such effects.
Classification

• Your manner of selecting the participants

indicates whether it is true experimental or
quasi-experimental. The true experimental
research uses random selection in determining
who among the participants should compose the
experimental group or the control group. The
quasi-experimental research adopts comparative
technique in choosing the subjects.
Quasi-Experimental research

• Matched comparison – choosing a treatment group

and another group that has similarities with the
treatment group.
• Time-series quasi-experimental research – giving
them series of pre-test and post-test.
• Single-subject quasi-experimental research –
controls treatment and condition applied to just
one individual or group.