JAKEDA

JAMMU AND KASHMIR

TUSHAR KAUSHIK
K U S H A G R A A G R AWA L
FEEUNA ALAM
 SOLAR ENERGRY
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (SPV) PROGRAMME: The Programme provides Central Financial Assistance (CFA) for deployment of SPV
systems and related activities. Specific decentralized systems/ applications supported under the programme include, inter-alia, SPV Home lighting systems, Street lighting
systems, Traffic signals, Blinkers, Illuminated hoardings/ Display boards, Power packs and Power plants to meet electricity and lighting needs of individuals in rural areas,
communities, villages, urban areas, commercial complexes, institutions, industry, etc. This apart, the programme covers SPV Rooftop systems with or without grid interaction.
 Deployment of small capacity systems is being considered in project mode i.e. for focused deployment of systems in an area as well as for specific applications for maximum impact with the following objectives:

i) To promote the use of SPV systems for lighting and various other applications in
the country.
ii) To create awareness and demonstrate effective and innovative use of SPV systems for individual/ community/ institutional applications.
iii) To save diesel for power generation in institutions and other commercial organizations.
iv) To support SPV promotional activities such as seminars, symposia, training, awareness campaigns, human resource development, etc.

SOLAR LANTERN PROGRAMME:

 
Solar Lantern Programme of MNRE is being implemented with the following objectives:-
(i) To reduce the consumption of kerosene for lighting purposes by replacing the kerosene lanterns and wick lamps by Solar Lantern.
(ii) To improve the quality of life in rural areas through the use of environment friendly solar lighting systems, which do not need any fossil fuels, do not emit any pollutants and are free from health and fire
hazards; and
(iii) To provide an alternative for meeting small lighting requirements.

Remote Village Electrification Programme:

The objective of the Programme is electrification/lighting through renewable energy sources of those unelectrified remote census villages and remote unelectrified hamlets of electrified census villages where grid
connectivity is either not feasible or not cost effective.

Development of Solar Cities”

The Goal of the program is to promote the use of Renewable Energy in Urban Areas by providing support to the Municipal Corporations for preparation and implementation of a Road Map to develop their cities
as Solar Cities
 WIND ENERGRY
Wind power is extracted from air flow using wind turbines or sails to produce mechanical or electrical power. Windmills are used for their
mechanical power, windpumps for water pumping, and sails to propel ships. Wind power as an alternative to fossil fuels, is plentiful,
renewable, widely distributed, clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation, and uses little land. The net effects on the
environment are far less problematic than those of nonrenewable power sources. Wind farms consist of many individual wind turbines
which are connected to the electric power transmission network. Onshore wind is an inexpensive source of electricity, competitive with or
in many places cheaper than coal or gas plants.
The objective of the programme on “Small Wind Energy and Hybrid Systems” is to develop technology and promote applications of water pumping windmills and aerogenerators/wind-
solar hybrid systems. The programme will support the following activities:
Ø Deployment of water pumping windmills (wind pumps) and small aerogenerators/ wind-solar hybrid systems for water pumping applications and generation of electricity in off-grid
mode, respectively.,
Ø Field trials & performance evaluation,
Ø Demonstration,
Ø Research & Development.
Ø Stand-alone hybrid systems based on a combination of various renewable energy sources like wind and solar with each other are covered under the scheme. The hybrid systems will be
designed to meet the annual load requirement with optimum use of resources. The rated capacity of individual aerogenerator unit that can be used in a hybrid system will be to a
maximum of 30 KW each.
 BIOGAS ENERGRY
Biomass gasifier based distributed / off grid power systems: In rural areas limited to 250 kW installed capacity, which
have surplus biomass resources and unmet demand of electricity for interalia lighting, water pumping and
microenterprises including telecom towers etc are being supported. The project may preferably be set up in following a
cluster approach.
 Biomass Gasifier based Grid Connected Power Programme:
a. Biomass gasifier based MW level grid connected power plants with 100% producer gas engines will be supported.
b. Besides, biomass based grid connected Boiler-Turbine-Generator (BTG) projects, preferably at tail end of the grid and having a decentralized distribution component would
also be supported.
c. The maximum installed capacity of each such project would be 2 MW

 National Biogas and Manure Management Programme (NBMMP)

The detail of the programme are as follows:-
(i) To provide clean bio- gaseous fuel mainly for cooking purposes and also for other applications for reducing use of LPG and other conventional fuels;
(ii) To meet ‘lifeline energy’ needs for cooking as envisaged in ‘Integrated Energy Policy’;
(iii) To provide bio-fertilizer/ organic manure to reduce use of chemical fertilizers;
(iv) To mitigate drudgery of rural women, reduce pressure on forests and accentuate social
benefits
 POLICIES
Policy for development of Micro/Mini Hydro Power Projects-2011

Solar Policy for Jammu & Kashmir-2013

Policy for Grid Connected Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants-2016 (Net Metering Based)

Draft Policy for Development of Small Hydro Energy for Power Generation (upto
10MW) in J&K-2017
 Policy for development of Micro/Mini Hydro Power Projects-201
1
INTRODUCTION

J&K is one of the states of India which is having tremendous hydropower potential. But one of the major constraints in tapping hydro-power in the state
besides shortage of resources is the "Indus Water Treaty".

The Treaty lays restrictions on storage of water on major rivers of J&K thus restricting the scope of hydro-power generation.

Laying and maintenance of transmission lines in these areas is difficult as well as un-economical. In such geographical locations, electrification by
existing grid becomes very difficult.

NEED FOR MICRO/MINI HYDEL PROIECT

The state is facing acute scarcity of power, which can be gauged from the fact that against a total peak demand of about 2500 MWs, the state has been
able to harness only 759.96 MWs under state sector till date. According to the survey made by Rural Electrification Corporation, Govt. of India there are
large number of un-electrified villages/tramlets in the state. So there is need for development of hydroelectric power on a scale serving a small
community.

Micro / Mini Hydel projects may be built in isolated areas that would be uneconomic to serve from a network, or in areas where there is no electrical
distribution network.

Since Micro / Mini Hydel projects usually have minimal reservoirs and civil construction work, as a result they are seen as having a relatively low
environmental impact compared to large hydel projects.

Jammu and Kashmir State has a Hydel Power potential of 20,000 MW of which about 16480 MWs have been identified. However, due to scarcity of
reSourceS ,much less potential has been exploited so far.

Micro / Mini Hydel power has tremendous potential for generation of electricity in the State. The topography of State provides extensive network of
canals and streams. The role of such hydel projects has been well identified and accepted to supplement energy generation as short/medium term
measure particularly in a state like Jammu and Kashmir.

With the aim to promote and install micro / mini hydel projects in the state of J&K, Power Dev. Deptt. J&K Govt. vide Govt. order No.l77-pDD of 2009
 OBJECTIVE

The main objective of this policy is to attract investors for the development of the state's water resources in an environment friendly manner to
provide a solution to the energy problems in remote and hilly areas where extension of grid system is un-economical or un-viable. This will also
help in generating revenue for the state and provide employment avenues, in addition to the all round development of the region.

BENEFITS TO THE STATE

The state shall avail free power @12%of generation as royalty, as per clause I 1.7. 13.2 IPP shall deposit upfront premium with minimum
threshold slab of Rs.50,000 per MW for projects upto 1 Mw and Rs.l.00 lac per MW for projects above I MWs to the Nodal Agencies within one
month from the date of allotment of the site.

ROLE OF NODAL AGENCY (JAKEDA)

JAKEDA will be the Nodal Agency for MHps up to 2Mw capacity, in Jammu and Kashmir Divisions of the State and LREDA / KREDA will be Nodal
Agencies in respect of Leh and Kargil Districts respectively. The Agencies will be responsible for :

i. Invitation of Bid.

ii. Evaluation of the bids received.

iii. Allotment of the MHp sites.

iv- Forwarding the project proposals to MNRE, GoI for grant of CFA applicable for development of MHps

v. Monitoring the progress of the Project and project appraisals.

 Policy for Grid Connected Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic
Power Plants-2016 (Net Metering Based)
Solar energy offers clean, environment-friendly, abundant and inexhaustible energy resource to mankind. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)
has designated Jammu and Kashmir Energy Development Agency (JAKEDA) as the nodal agency to undertake the solar rooftop programme in the State for the
domestic, social, government, institutional and industrial & commercial sectors through Grid interconnectivity and sale of power to the State Utility (DISCOM)
on Net Metering basis.

Under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India, (MNRE) has fixed a target of generating
1,00,000 MW of Grid Connected Solar Power out of which 40,000 MW has been exclusively set for Grid Connected Rooftop Solar Power Plants. An aggregate
capacity of 450 MW of Rooftop Solar Power has also been targeted to be generated by the State of J&K by the year 2022.

The Government has already notified the J&K Solar Power Policy2013 which, inter alia, provides for encouraging solar power generation to harness vast solar
potential in the State and to promote large scale Grid Connected Solar Power Plants to achieve the collective targets set by the MNRE.

In pursuance of the issuance of final Regulations on Net metering for Gird Interactive Rooftop Solar PV Systems by Jammu and Kashmir State Electricity
Regulatory Commission (JKSERC) and to achieve the targets set by the Ministry (MNRE) the Government of J&K (GoJK) notifies this Policy for Grid Interactive
Roof-Top Solar Photo Voltaic Power Plants based on Net-Metering.

SCOPE AND APPLICATION:

This Policy shall remain applicable for a period of 10 years unless repealed or substituted with a new Policy, whichever is earlier.

The policy shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the JKSERC (Grid Interactive Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Systems based on Net Metering)
Regulations, 2015, as amended from time to time.

The policy shall take effect from the date of its notification in the official Gazette.
OBJECTIVES: SOLAR ROOFTOP SYSTEMS FOR
GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS:
The State Government introduces this Policy with the following objectives:
All Government
To contribute to solar capacity addition and fulfillment of Solar targets set by the Ministry. Departments/Institutions shall
encourage installation of Solar
To optimally utilize the available solar energy resource in the State. Rooftop Systems for their
buildings/premises subject to
To encourage development and promotion of environment friendly solar energy generation contributing to feasibility of the site.
sustainable development.

To enable stakeholders in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

To attract private sector participation in solar energy sector.

To build favorable environment for setting up Grid Connected Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants.

To enhance skills and create employment opportunities.

To contribute to productive utilization of available rooftop spaces.

To spread environmental awareness amongst the general public of J&K.

NET- METERING:

The distribution licensee shall allow non-discriminatory net-metering arrangement with latest and approved
equipment/apparatus on firstcome-first serve basis for both self-owned and third party owned Rooftop PV Systems as
long as the total capacity (in kWp) does not exceed the target capacity determined.

The distribution licensee shall accept the Solar PV Power as per the useful life of the SPV system or for a maximum
period of 25 years which is the expected life of the system at present.
CASE STUDY
SECMOL SCHOOL ,LEH

Secmol is a school pioneering practical green

education in one of the world's harshest
environments.
Its campus is perched nearly 11,000ft (3,350m) up
in the pre-Himalayan mountains along the Indus
River in Ladakh, in the Indian state of Jammu and
Kashmir
The campus for Students' Educational and Cultural
Movement of Ladakh (SECMOL) is located near the
village of Phey in the Indus valley about 18 km from
Leh and at an altitude of 3500m. The region has a cold
desert climate with temperature variation from 20°C
in summer to -30°C in winter. Luckily this area has
over 300 sunny days per year and the sun therefore is
a reliable source of energy.
Longer face of the building is facing
south, with envelope of glass façade
on both floors to collect maximum
heat during the day
Students' Educational and Cultural
Movement of Ladakh (SECMOL)
was founded in 1988 to reform the
educational system in Ladakh. Built
using simple, low-cost traditional
techniques, the campus comprises
three residential houses, 20 small
'cell rooms' and a large school
building, all solar heated. More than
a thousand trees are planted with in
house vegetable garden.
The bathing block has eight private
showers, solar heated water supply, and
large sinks for washing. Traditional
Ladakhi-style dry composting toilets use
no water (important in this desert
climate) are built adjacent to the bathing
block, and the manure is useful for
fertilizing the fields and trees . Plastic
covering generate greenhouse process to
grow vegetables and flowers in Ladakhi
winters making itself reliant in food.
These plastic sheets stay rolled up in
summers to prevent overheating

The solar heated bathing The vegetable garden

block is covered with a produces vegetables even in
plastic greenhouse in winter
winter
SOLAR ELECTRICITY
Photovoltaic panels generate all of SECMOL electricity for
lighting, computers and TV. On sunny days we can even use
carpentry and soldering tools. Batteries store power for
nights and cloudy days, with a small generator for backup in
case of extended cloudy weather or heavy usage. The
campus is not connected to the grid or any other power.
SOLAR PUMP
Our drinking water supply comes from a bore-well 130 feet
(40m) deep. Solar panels power an electric pump that fills the
domestic water tanks

SOLAR COOKERS
Another way solar energy has been utilized is for cooking. The setup
consists of a parabolic reflector (made up of a lot of smaller mirrors stuck
to a dish-like structure) that concentrates the sunlight on a smaller area on
the ground. This is then reflected upwards to the bottom of any cooking
vessel and is thus able to use sunlight directly without the need of any
semiconductor material
 LOW-TECH SOLAR WATER
HEATER
This simple design has no pipes inside that can freeze and break, so it can be used all
winter without draining. Since it is basically a large shallow tray, if it freezes overnight,
nothing breaks, and in the sunny morning it simply melts and starts warming up again.
Materials:
•Aluminum sheet painted black, black plastic or cement with black tiles.
•Greenhouse plastic to cover it.
•Frame made of mud bricks or wood.
The bottom is a black tray that can hold two inches (5 cm) of water. It must be black to
absorb the sun’s light and convert it to heat and can be made either of sheet metal
bent up at the sides to form a tray, or black pond-liner plastic (tough and UV resistant). Solar water heater from basic materials
We find that 3 feet (1 m) is a good maximum width to allow maintenance without aluminum sheet painted black, plastic
walking on the base, and the tray can be as long as you have space and materials. Our sheet & frame
are about 18 feet (5 m) long.
It is covered with a small plastic greenhouse. In the winter the one on the bathroom
roof is inside an additional plastic greenhouse.
We fill it with water in the morning, and by 12 noon it makes 100 litres of 45C water.
Shallower will get hotter faster. A common toilet tank valve on the inlet pipe prevents
overflow by automatically letting cold water in when warm water is drawn out and
cutting the supply when the water level reaches the desired height.
BIOGAS
Norgay proudly showed off his experimental biogas methane digester, which is powered by
slurry.

Dung is mixed with water and then placed in a long tube and left for several days.

The gas rises to the top, and is filtered through steel wool to ensure the gas does not corrode the
oven, before reaching a plastic inflatable reserve tank.

"It's fantastic as not only do you use less commercial gas, but you use natural materials instead,"
student Stanzin Sungrab says. "And we can use the slurry waste as fertiliser in the kitchen
garden."

Each student must perform daily responsibility shifts and develop their confidence with nightly
presentations to the rest of the school and visitors.

Stanzin has spent many hours developing relationships with Karjama, Thotkar and Sheyma, the
campus cows.
Buildings is constructed three feet
below the ground level on the north
The earth walls are
side. The building benefits from the
very thick, essential
stability of earth’s temperature at
function as heat bank
that depth, which is relatively warm
(thermal mass)
in winter and cool in summer. The
three feet of earth dig out ultimately
becomes the walls of the building .
The wood waste generated during
the construction is filled in the
ceiling to stop heat loss through the
Wood waste such as
roof
saw dust, wood
shavings and paper
acts as insulation
material
The outer walls are insulated by
erecting another wall with a six inch gap Floor absorbs the
between the two walls which is filled excess heat during
with low cost insulation: saw dust, wood the day and releases
shavings or sometimes paper and it during the night
plastic bottles, bags.Cow dung as an
insulating plaster. Mixed with the right
amount of earth and clay, it makes a
strong and thermally effective plaster.

External finish –
cow dung plaster.