Mini Project -1

Aerodynamic Analysis of Infinite Morphed

Wing

Team Members:
Abhinav.R Mentor:
Alwin Jiji Thomas Prof.
Sagar Naidu.P Snehal.U.Mandlik
Ujwal.R
Contents:
Contents
 
 

Introduction

Selection of Airfoil and the process of morphing

Defining the geometry in CAA software (ANSYS Fluent)

Meshing
Initialization and Solution

Results
Conclusion

References
Introduction:

• Shape morphing:
• It is a passive flow control technique that
emphasis on changing the profile of the
airfoil / wing in order to optimise flow over
the body and increase its performance.
• Morphing can be done in both cord wise
and span wise direction at the leading edge
or trailing edge.
• The key to successful morphing is the scale
of geometric wing change to match a
particular performance requirement
Morphing parameters
• Since majority of the lift occurs near the leading edge, it
was found best to morph the leading edge and let the rest
of the wing stay fixed. The morphing is designed to take
place from the leading edge to the quarter chord .
• The airfoil used in NACA 0012 (symmetric airfoil).
• Quarter chord from the leading edge generates most of the
lift and hence we morph the airfoil from this location. Rest
of the airfoil is fixed.
• The mean camber line in the morphed section changes
parabolically.
• User defined functions can be adopted to achieve
continuous deflection.
• For simplicity an infinite wing is selected.
ection of airfoil and process of morphing

NACA 0012 original NACA 0012 5 degree morphing angle

NACA 0012 10 degree morphing angle NACA 0012 15 degree morphing angle
Defining geometry in ANSYS Fluent and
Meshing

Flow field geometry Flow field geometry close to airfoil contour

 Full view of mesh for NACA 0012 original NACA 0012 mesh around airfoil

NACA 0012: 5 degree mesh around airfoil 10 degree mesh around airfoil 15 degree mesh around airfoil
Initialization and solution

• For the solver a pressure based steady solver was used for the simulation.
• Viscous model used was SST K – omega.
• The regions of the mesh was separated into inlet ,far field, outlet and body.
• The boundary conditions given were:
1. Pressure : 26200.76 pa
2. Temperature : 222.9 K
3. Mach number : 0.3
• The flow direction was initially set to be along the x axis and was later changed to
give flows at an angle to the body.
• The reference values were set from far field and the solution was initialized from
far field.
Results Static Pressure contours for all airfoil configurations

NACA 0012 original NACA 0012 5 degree

NACA 0012 10 degrees NACA 0012 15 degrees

Net Lift and Drag calculation
Original NACA
0012 1.4
CL VS ALPHA

1.2

0.8

The Results obtained for the NACA 0012, 0.6

0.4
yielded 0.2
• Maximum Cl at AOA = 14, the value of the 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
maximum CL was calculated to be = 1.3461
and Cd at this AOA was calculated to be 1.4 CL VS CD
= 0.05101. 1.2

• Maximum Cl/Cd calculated to be = 39.2195. 1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05 0.055
NACA 0012 5 degrees 1.6
Cl vs AOA

1.4
1.2
1
0.8

The Results obtained for the NACA 0012 5 0.6

0.4
degrees, yielded 0.2
• Maximum Cl at AOA = 16, the value of 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
the maximum CL was calculated to be = -0.2

1.4396 and Cd was calculated to be Cl vs Cd

=0.0590 at this AOA. 1.6
• Maximum Cl/Cd was calculated to be = 1.4

40.3629. 1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
-0.2
NACA 0012 10 degrees Cl vs AOA
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8

The Results obtained for the NACA 0012 10 0.6

0.4
degrees, yielded 0.2

• Maximum Cl at AOA = 17, the value of the 0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
-0.2
maximum CL was calculated to be = 1.5010 and
Cd was calculated to be = 0.053446 at this Cl vs Cd
AOA. 50

• Maximum Cl/Cd was calculated to be = 40

40.4429. 30

20

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
-10
NACA 0012 15 degrees Cl vs AOA
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8

The Results obtained for the NACA 0012 15 0.6

0.4
degrees, yielded 0.2

• Maximum Cl at AOA = 17, the value of the 0

-0.2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

maximum CL was calculated to be =

1.518494 and Cd was calculated to be = Cl vs Cd
0.057991 at this AOA. 1.8
• Maximum Cl/Cd was calculated to be = 1.6
1.4
40.2938. 1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
-0.2
 Cl/Cd
Cd vsvsAOA
AOA
Cl vs Cd
50
0.08
Cl vs AOA
1.8

1.8

1.6
0.07

40 1.6

1.4
0.06 1.4

1.2
30 1.2
0.05
1
1
15 degree
15
15 degree
degree
15 degree
10 degree
10
10 degree
degree
10 degree
Cl/Cd

0.04
20 5 degree
5 degree
Cd

0.8 0.8 5 degree

5 degree
Cl

Cl

naca 0012
naca
naca 0012
naca 0012
0012

0.6 0.6
0.03

10
0.4
0.4
0.02
0.2
0.2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
0.01 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
-0.2
0
-10 0
-0.2 2 4 6 8 AOA
10 12 14 16 18 20

AOA
Cd
AOA
Comparison

• From the data obtained it was observed in comparison with NACA

0012 airfoil that there was a increase in Cl max about 13%.
• The stall was delayed by 3 degrees.
• The drag was decreased by around 20%.
• A small increase in Cl / Cd was also observed.
Airfoil Morphing stall AOA Cl max Cd ( at AOA =
angle (DEGREES) 14 ͦ)
(DEGREES)

NACA 0012 0 14 1.3461 0.05101

NACA 0012 5 16 1.4396 0.044515
NACA 0012 10 17 1.5010 0.041812
NACA 0012 15 17 1.518494 0.040142
 NACA 0012 at 5 degree morphed 15 degree morphed
AOA 14 degree wing at AOA 14 degree wing at AOA 14 degree

• It can be noted a laminar flow is seen from a large part of the airfoil at a given AOA when compared
with a conventional airfoil.
• Due to an increase in the contour the flow separation occurs close to the trailing edge when compared
with conventional airfoils this can be seen as a result of increase in squeezing effect at the leading edge
causing an increase in velocity to the particles hence the kinetic energy is increased and this helps in
overcoming the adverse pressure gradient longer.
• There is a gradual in pressure change in observed in the morphed airfoil when compared with the
conventional airfoil.
 Conclusion and Future works

• The leading edge morphing is a technology that attempts to replace slats

on a wing.
• There was a good performance increase observed with the morphed airfoil
like increase in stall angle , Clmax like a slat would provide.
• The main advantage with leading edge morphing over a slat can be seen in
reducing drag and also in reducing airframe noise.
• We would like to extend our study on this technology by going to the
structural aspects of the morphing technology.
• We would like make a real life model of a morphed wing.
References

1. Zi Kan, Daochun Li , Tong Shen, Jinwu Xiang, Luzhang, (2019). Aerodynamic

characteristics of morphing wing with flexible leading-edge. Chinese Society of
Aeronautics and Astronautics & Beihang University Chinese Journal of Aeronautics
2. Mustafa Serdar Genç, Kemal Koca, Hacımurat Demir and Halil Hakan Açıkel,(2020).
Traditional and New Types of Passive Flow Control Techniques to Pave the Way for High
Maneuverability and Low Structural Weight for UAVs and MAVs. IntechOpen.
3. Daochun Li, Shiwei Zhao,(2018). A review of modelling and analysis of morphing wings.
Progress in Aerospace Sciences
4. Masavir Bashir, Simon Longtin Mertel,(2021).Aerodynamic design optimization of a
morphing leading edge and trailing edge airfoil- application on the UAS-545.
5. Wind tunnel data for NACA 0012
THANK YOU