TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM –

PERFORMANCE AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS

Project Report
Phase - II

Submitted by Guide
Mr. P. SATHEESHKUMAR, M.E.,
NATARAJAN.C
(1908TR2824) Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PRIST UNIVERSITY
 INTRODUCTION
• Monitoring technologies (Klein, 2001) can be classified as intrusive, non-
intrusive or off-roadway technologies.
• Intrusive traffic sensors are installed within or across the pavement. Non-
intrusive sensors can be installed above or on the side of roads with
minimum disruption to traffic flow.
• Off-roadway technologies do not need any specific equipment to be
installed at the test site. – Intrusive technologies refer to those that
require installation directly onto the pavement, in saw-cut holes or
tunneling under the surfaces.
• Drawbacks include disrupting traffic for installation and repair, failures
induced by poor road conditions, and system reinstallation caused by road
repairs or resurfaces. Examples include inductive loops, pneumatic road
tubes, piezoelectric cables, and weigh-in-motion system.

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 CONTD..
• Non-intrusive technologies do not require installation on or under the pavement;
thus, installing and repairing such a system can be performed without disrupting
traffic.
• The detectors are usually set up on the roadside or at an overhead position.
Examples include microwave radars, infrared instruments, Video Image Processing
(VIP), ultrasonic and passive acoustic arrays.
• Off-roadway technologies refer to those that do not require hardware to be set up
under the pavement or on the roadside.
• It includes probe vehicle technologies with GPS – WAAS (EGNOS, in Europe) and
mobile phones, eventually coupled with automatic vehicle identification (AVI)
systems, and remote sensing technologies that use images from aircraft or satellite.
• Today, there is the possibility to integrate or replace one or more technologies for
traffic monitoring (e.g., inductive loops, magnetometers, cameras, infrared and
radar systems), adding others, such as for environmental monitoring, to achieve
wireless sensor networks (WSNs).

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 NEED FOR THE STUDY
• The intelligent transportation system (ITS) era is bringing elements of this
advanced technology to traffic management.
• Many traffic management centers (TMC’s), for example, are expanding
their roles and upgrading their capabilities.
• Estimations indicate that by the year 2000, over 200 cities will have
adopted some elements of ITS technology.
• ITS technology has emphasized the borrowing of advanced computer,
information, and control technologies and wedding them to existing,
relatively low-technology traffic management hardware.
• Increasingly capable and affordable computer technology is driving much
of the current ITS development.

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 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
• The consistency of the thesis contributions is represented by the relation
between the investigated problems.
• The study objectives are summarized below.
– To increase transportation system efficiency in the study stretch and enhance
mobility,
– To improve safety, reduce fuel consumption and environmental cost,
– To increase economic productivity, and
– Create an environment for an ITS market.
– To suggest a best suited solution for the prevailing conditions.

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 THE FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF ADVANCED
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT (ATMS) SYSTEM
• Real-time traffic monitoring
• Dynamic message sign monitoring and control
• Incident monitoring
• Traffic camera monitoring and control
• Active Traffic Management (ATM)
• Chain control
• Ramp meter monitoring and control
• Arterial management
• Traffic signal monitoring and control
• Automated warning systems
• Road Weather Information System (RWIS) monitoring
• Highway advisory radio
• Urban Traffic Management and Control
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 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
• M. Bottero et al monitored A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a net of
small sensor nodes, communicating using wireless technology to collect
data.
• U.S Department of Transportation (1996) designed this and documented
a top-down system analysis conducted during the course of an
investigation of human factors issues critical to the design of an advanced
traffic management system (ATMS).
• Rijurekha Sen et al, (2013) has studied the road traffic congestion is a
recurring problem worldwide. In India, a fast growing economy, the
problem is acutely felt in almost all major cities.
• Vijai Kishore et al, (2014) found out that ITS techniques will be suited in
Indian countries. Dehradun is one of the oldest cities of India famous for
its natural beauty and hence tourism.

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ADVANCED URBAN TRAFFIC MONITORING
SYSTEM
• Advanced Urban Traffic Management System (AUTMS) is traffic control
platform that aims to improve comprehensive urban traffic network.
• With easy to control graphical management interface and integration with
GIS and video and monitor and management information, module design
allows connecting with various traffic information interface.
• In addition, AUTMS coordinates to the implementation of multi-faced
urban traffic management strategies to further improve traffic safety,
order, and efficiency, reduce air pollution and energy consumption, and
lead cities into urban life standard of the 21st Century.

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AUTMS SYSTEM STRUCTURE

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 BENEFITS
• Ensure smooth traffic and reducing congestion
– Introducing real-time and appropriate route guidance mechanism to
ensure smooth traffic
– Implementing effective detour program to facilitate smooth traffic flow
and reduce traveling time and oil consumption
– Adopting dynamic traffic control measure to provide traffic sign control
models for different levels and build smooth traffic service standard
• Improving urban traffic safety and service quality
– Assisting enactment and implementation of traffic police through smart
image monitor, equipment control, and real-time information processing
and to construct high quality urban traffic environment
– Incorporating with IISI disaster responsive program to provide real-time
information and monitor to further improve urban safety service standard

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 ADVANTAGES
• Minimizing journey time for vehicles- Are traffic control system minimize
the overall journey time by reducing the no of stop delays, increasing the
average travel speed etc.
• Reducing accidents- Are traffic control system reduces the no of accident
by reducing the congestion as congestion is less the traffic flow will be
smooth so accident also will be less.
• Increasing average saving in fuel- As we discussed above that it will
minimize the journey time, accident, congestion, stop delays so we can
easily say that average saving in fuel will increase and traffic flow also will
be safe and smooth.

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 DISADVANTAGES
• Very costly- Area traffic control is a very advanced traffic control strategy it involve
very advanced technology and highly skilled persons to operate the system to control
the traffic which makes it very costly.
• Very complex- Area traffic control system is a very big system which includes many
unites in it like Vehicle Detectors, Intersection Controller, Communication Network,
Application Software, Central (Regional) Control System. These unit is use to perform
different-different task for the system. These unit and task make it very complex.
• Suitable only for lane following traffic- In area traffic control system we use vehicle
detector to collect the data to find the actual flow and to get signal timing according
to the present condition of traffic. These vehicle detectors detect the vehicle on the
basis of lane. For example we are collecting data for tow lane road then the detectors
will able to detect the vehicle which will come from their respective lane and the
vehicle which is using space other than these two lanes cannot be detected. So data
will not be accurate. So we can say that it will give best result only for lane following
traffic.

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 MAJOR BUILDING BLOCKS OF ATC
• Vehicle Detectors (VD)
• Intersection Controller
• Communication Network
• Application Software
• Central Control System
• Architecture of (ATC)

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VEHICLE DETECTORS (VD)

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COMMUNICATION NETWORK

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ARCHITECTURE OF (ATC)

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ATMS STRATEGIES

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MAPPING OF SUBSYSTEMS TO
STRATEGIES

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 ATMS DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
• An Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) refers to the
application of current and innovative traffic operation technologies
to monitor and control vehicles in response to a dynamic traffic
condition. ATMS integrates new and existing traffic management
and control systems servicing all modes of transportation. The major
components of ATMS are identified as follows:
– Information Collection (real-time data)
– Surface Street Control
– Highway Control
– Regional Traffic Control
– Traffic Information Dissemination
– Computer System
– Communications System.

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 INFORMATION COLLECTION (REAL-TIME
DATA)
• To implement ATMS, real-time traffic monitoring and information
collection capabilities must be provided.
• Advanced technologies for vehicle detectors, closedcircuit televisions, call
boxes, vehicle probes, weather data systems, etc., have rapidly emerged in
the last few years, making comprehensive and sophisticated traffic
monitoring and information collection capabilities readily available.
• This section discusses the application of systems related to realtime
information collection functions.

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SUMMARY
OF TRAFFIC
DETECTORS

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SUMMARY
OF TRAFFIC
DETECTORS

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SUMMARY
OF TRAFFIC
DETECTORS

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 EVALUATION OF ATMS
• The design, implementation and operations of any ATMS will require the
commitment of various resources.
• Such resources include staff time, technical expertise, funding, etc., all of
which represent an investment by the agency in ATMS.
• In order to determine the value of the investment to the agency and the
general public, the relative priority the investment in ATMS holds with
respect to other demands on public funding, and the components or types of
ATMS that can be justified, an evaluation of the proposed system and its
alternatives should be undertaken.
• This evaluation will provide information that can be used to formulate the
most costeffective ATMS, as well as help to gain support from senior
management, decision makers and the general public.
• Various typical evaluation techniques available for ATMS alternatives are
discussed below.

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 BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS
• This technique compares the economic effectiveness of ATMS
alternatives on the basis of total transportation costs, including
capital cost, operating cost, maintenance cost, vehicle delays, travel
time cost, etc. The associated cost criteria include:
– Benefit-cost ratio
– Rate of return
– Net present value
– Equivalent uniform annual cost

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 MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS
• Advanced traffic management systems are always designed and
implemented to meet the specific goals and objectives of the area.
• In order to evaluate the degree of success of the ATMS in meeting
these goals and objectives, a set of Measures of Effectiveness
(MOEs) must be developed.
• These MOEs are very useful in the determination of when system
expansion and possible system enhancements are required.
• The MOEs must be defined in a manner so that the operation of the
system can be quantitatively described and/or estimated.
• They should also be specified in an appropriate level of detail so
that data collection and analysis are possible.

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 CONCLUSIONS
• Area traffic control system can reduce traffic delays, fuel consumption,
accident, congestion, travel time, environmental pollution substantially
and can increase average flow speed.
• Regarding ATC systems, SCOOT, SCAT and OPAC are popular in advanced
countries but such systems cannot cope up with Indian situations because
in India traffic is not lane following, highly mixed traffic, uncontrolled side
road and on-street parking, Data loss due to power failure and Availability
of funds.

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 FUTURE SCOPE OF THE STUDY
• The presented robust signaling method is a centralized traffic
control solution.
• In case of large-scale urban traffic network, this technique can still
be adapted by replacing a part of the network (smaller or less
important intersections) as uncertainties.
• Hence, nominal large-scale traffic network can be transformed in a
lower scale uncertain network.

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 REFERENCES
• Biagioni. J, T. Gerlich, T. Merrifield, and J. Eriksson. Easytracker: automatic
transit tracking, mapping, and arrival time prediction using smartphones.
SenSys, 2011.
• Bottero, M., Dalla Chiara, B., Deflorio, F., Marigo, D., 2011. Sperimentazione di
una rete di sensori senza fili (WSN) per il monitoraggio dei flussi veicolari
presso l’interporto di Torino. Logistica, Tecniche Nuove, n. 1, January 2011.
• Bottero, M., 2010. Test Application of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) at the
Logistic Centre of Torino, Aimed at Traffic Flow Monitoring, M.D. Thesis, Tutors:
Dalla Chiara B, Deflorio F, Politecnico di Torino - I, July 2010.
• Christina M Andrews, S Manzur Elahi, and James E Clark. Evaluation of New
Jersey Route 18 OPAC/MIST Traffic-Control System. TRANSPORTATION
RESEARCH RECORD 1603, 2019.
• Kastrinaki. V, M. Zervakis, and K. Kalaitzakis. A survey of video processing
techniques for traffic applications. Image and Vision Computing, 2003.
• Larry E. Owen, Charlie M. Stallard and Deborah M. Glitz.An Evaluation of Real-
Time Traffic Adaptive Control Prototypes, TRB, 1997.
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 CONTD..
• Pitu B Mirchandani K Larry Head. A real-time traffic signal control system:
architecture, algorithms, and analysis. 1998.
• Peter Samuel Peak Traffic Problems Reduced, ITS international 1996.
• Rana. R, C. Chou, S. Kanhere, N. Bulusu, and W. Hu. Earphone: an end-to-
end participatory urban noise mapping system. IPSN, 2010.
• Robertson D I and R D Bretherton. Optimizing Networks of Traffic Signals
in Real Time - The SCOOT Method. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular
Technology, 1991.
• Sims A G and K W Dobinson. The sydney coordinated adaptive traffic (scat)
system philosophy and benefits, 1980.
• William R McShane, Roger P Roesss, and Elena S Prassas. Traffic
Engineering. Prentice-Hall, Inc, Upper Saddle River, New Jesery, 1998.
• http://www.ceos.com.au/products/tirtl.htm
• http://www.cse.iitb.ac.in/˜riju/kyunqueu
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THANK YOU

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