‫بِس ِْم هّللا ِ الرَّحْ َم ِن الر ِ‬

‫َّح ِيم‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫" َوقُل َّر ِّب ِز ْدنِي‪ِ  ‬ع ْل ًما"‬

‫‪ ‬‬

‫صدق هللا العلي العظيم‬

‫من سورة طه‪/‬جزء من اآلية ( ‪)114‬‬

Profiling of pathogenic Bacteria that isolate
from anesthetic equipment and study of
antibiotic susceptibility
 Aim of study

The aim of this study was to characterize the risk of bacterial

transmission during the practice of general anesthesia to stimulate
important measures for risk modification and reduction of
.hospital-acquired infections
 Abstract

The bacterial contamination in hospitals operating units and theaters has an important role in
the spread of hospital infections.
For the purpose of sample collection from equipment surfaces, the swab method was used to
collect the samples in the operating theater. The samples were then transferred to the
laboratory unit for diagnosis. The present study show different rates of bacterial
contamination, with 30 contaminated isolates, the highest rates of contaminated bacterial
isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8 (26.6%), Bacillus species (spp.) 6 (20%),
Staphylococcus spp. 7 (23.3), Escherichia coli 3 (10%) and Klebsiella pneumonia
4 (13.3%) and Unidentified bacterial isolates 2(6.6%).
 Introduction
Bacterial contamination has an effect on the spread of infection in
hospitals, especially hospital-acquired infections. Bacterial contamination in
operating theatres would be considered one of the most life- threatening
sources of nosocomial infection for patients.
Nosocomial infections may be endogenous, exogenous and not present or
incubating at time of their admission. These infections usually manifest 48
hrs. or more after hospital admission, or within 30 days after discharge.
Nosocomial pathogens are microorganisms, including bacteria, virus,
algae, protozoa and fungi. Data indicate that Staphylococcus aureus among
the most agents that cause exogenous infections, and gram-negative bacteria
are responsible for more than 30% of HAI.
Also , it was shown that most hospital-acquired infections were
pathogenic bacteria resistant to many drugs.
MATERIALS AND
METHODS
 30 cotton swab from anesthetic equipment

Inoculate with enrichment media (Nutrient broth) with

37c – 24h

Inoculate on culture media with 37c – 24h

Biochemical tests for detection

Then, 3.2.2.3. Antibiotic susceptibility test

Results
 Table(4.1):Total number of
.bacterial isolates
 

Bacterial isolates No. of isolates

Pseudomonas aeruginosa 8 (26.6%)

Staphylococcus spp. 7 (23.3%)

Escherichia coli 3(10%)

Bacillus spp. 6(20%)

Klebsiella spp. 4(13.3%)

Unidentified bacterial isolates 2(6.6%)

Figure (4.1) percentage of bacterial isolates

10%

42% Gram positive

Gram negative

Unidentified bacterial isolates

48%
.Figure (4.2) percentage of different types of bacterial isolates

No. of Isolates

0
s a p li p. p. es
no sp co sp sp l at
gi us hi
a
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ru c
ri c ll ie li
ae oc ci s ia
oc he Ba eb er
as hy
l
Es
c Kl ct
on ap ba
d o m St fie
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ti
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 .Table(4.2):Biochemical test of bacterial isolates

Bacterial Gram oxidase catalase coagulase Blood Macconkey Mannitol Lactose Indol

agar salt agar ferment test

isolates stain agar
ation

Pseudomonas Gram positive positive negative hemolysis Growth No- No negative

negative growth ferment
aeruginosa

Staphylococcus Gram negative positive negative hemolysis No-growth Growth Ferment negative
positive
spp.

Staphylococcus Gram negative positive positive Beta No-grow Growth Ferment negative
positive hemolysis
aureus.

Escherichia Gram negative positive negative Beta Growth No- Ferment positive
negative hemolysis growth
coli

Bacillus spp. Gram negative positive negative hemolysis No-growth Growth No negative
positive ferment

Klebsiella spp. Gram negative positive negative Non- Growth No- Ferment negative
negative hemolytic growth
Figure (4.3) Colonies of bacterial isolate on Blood agar with hemolytic
and non- hemolytic activity
Figure (4.4) Colonies of gram-negative bacterial isolate on MacConkey agar
 Table (4.3): Antibiotic resistance percentages of bacteria for different antibiotics
 
Types of Antibiotics
AmoxicalVe (AMC)
Amikacin Ak
Cefotaxime (CTX)
Ceftriaxon (CTR)
Imipenem (IPM)
Ciprofloxacin (Cip)
Levofloxacin (Lev )
Cefixime ( cfm)
Mropeneam (mem)
Tobromycine (tob)
Netimicine (Net)
Ampicillin/
Cloxacillin( (APX)
Cefdinare( fed)
Nitrofurantion (NIT)
Nalidixic acid ( NA)
Norfloxacin (NOR)
Gentamycin(cN )
Ofloxacin( OFx)
Ceftazidime ( caz)
Doxycycline DXT
Plpracillin with tazobactam
Sensitivity Types of Antibiotics
Pseudomonas Staphylococcus Escherichia Klebsiella
aeruginosa aureus. coli pneumoniae
R R R R
S S S S
S R S R
R R S R
S R S S
R S S S
R S S S
R R R R
R R S S
R S R S
S R S S
       
R R R R
R R R R
R R R R
R R R S
R R S S
R S S R
R R R R
R R R R
R R M.S R
       
S R S S
Conclusion
The prevalence of bacterial contamination in these
high‑risk areas is found to be low to moderate. Despite
availability and usage of the sterilization materials,
there was still contamination.
 Recommendations
There is mandatory need to maintain the operating theaters clean and
sterile to avoid the post-operative infections.
Thank you for listening