Diversity of Life - Abao

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DIVERSITY • THE E
EARTH
• EV
• CL
VO
HISTO LUTIONAR
OLUTI
RY OF
O
LIFE O
Y
N
OF LIFE
ASSIF N OF LIFE
LIVIN ICATION O
• IN G OR F
TRODU GANISMS
FUNGI CTION
, TO
BACTE PROTIST,
• HU RIA,
MAN B ARCHAEA
SYSTE ODY O
M R GA N
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TITLE A
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Before Life Began

How old is the Earth?
● 4.5 billion years
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● Big bang- gravity causes dust
particles to condense
● Meteors for millions of
years.
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How hot would the earth be?
● Earth has to cool down-
THE steam escapes and rain allows

collection of water.
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EVOLUTIONAR
Y HISTORY OF
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LIFE ON EARTH
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● How do you explain that What Evidence do Scientists

there are no Earth rocks use?
older than 3.8 billion years?
Fossils!
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Earth had not yet cooled, so no rocks • Trace
had solidified yet. Older rock may • Mold
have been destroyed by plate
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• Cast
tectonics or erosion.
• Amber
• Imprint
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• Petrified
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The Eons
Scientist organize Earth's history
into four eons: the Hadean, the
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Archean, the Proterozoic, and
the Phanerozoic. An eon is the
largest division of geological
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time.
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In the Hadean, Earth’s surface was

mostly molten rock, like lava. It had
no solid rocks. As rocks formed and
simple life-forms appeared, the
TITLE B
Archean eon began.
During the Archean Eon, methane
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droplets in the air shrouded the
young Earth in a global haze.
There was no oxygen gas on
Earth. Oxygen was only in
TITLE D
compounds such as water.
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The Proterozoic eon was the longest

eon, lasting nearly 2 billion years.
From the Greek word, protero means
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"first ", Zoic means "animal“. The
Proterozoic is notable for the
increase in multicellular life.
Life Begins at sea!
TITLE C
First animals and plants on land.
The Phanerozoic eon , the eon in
which trilobites and ammonites
populated the seas. It is also the
TITLE D
eon in which Earth's life-forms
emerged from the ocean and
became visible on land. Phaneros,
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from ancient Greek means “visible”.

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How do scientist find out

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what animals lived

millions of years ago?
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● Dating of rocks
( radioisotopes)
● Dating of carbon material from
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plant remains (carbon
isotopes)
● Rock layering gives the order
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of events
● Tree ring research
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The diversity of life on Earth today

is the result of evolution. Life began
on Earth at least 3.5 to 4 billion
years ago, and it has been evolving
TITLE B
ever since. At first, all living things
on Earth were simple, single-
celled organisms.
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EVOLUTIO
TITLE D
N OF LIFE
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The scientific ordering or

systematic arrangement of living
organisms in a hierarchical series
of groups on the basis of their
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relationships (morphological,
evolutionary and other
characteristics) is called biological
classification.
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CLASSIFICATI
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ON OF LIVING
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ORGANISMS
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TITLE A The Five Kingdoms

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Kingdom:
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● Monera
● Protista
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● Fungus
● Plantae
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● Animalia
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 FUNGI
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Fungi can be single celled or very complex

multicellular organisms. They are found in just
about any habitat but most live on the land,
mainly in soil or on plant material rather than in
sea or fresh water.
TITLE B
Types of fungi
Fungi are subdivided on the basis of their
life cycles, the presence or structure of
TITLE C
their fruiting body and the arrangement
of and type of spores (reproductive or
INTRODUCTION distributional cells) they produce.

The three major groups of fungi are:
• Multicellular filamentous moulds.
TO FUNGI,
TITLE D
• Macroscopic filamentous fungi that
form large fruiting bodies. Sometimes
PROTIST, the group is referred to as

‘mushrooms’, but the mushroom is just
the part of the fungus we see above
BACTERIA,
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ground which is also known as the

fruiting body.
ARCHAEA • Single celled microscopic yeasts.

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DATE:PROTIST  BACTERIA
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The term protista was first used by Ernst Haeckel in 1866.

Protists were traditionally placed into one of several Singular bacterium, any of a group of
groups based on similarities to a plant, animal, or fungus: microscopic single-celled organisms that live
the animal-like protozoa, the plant-like protophyta (mostly in enormous numbers in almost every
TITLE B
algae), and the fungus-like slime molds and water molds. environment on Earth, from deep-sea vents to

These traditional subdivisions, which were largely based on
non-scientific characteristics, have been replaced by deep below Earth’s surface to the digestive
classifications based on phylogenetics (evolutionary tracts of humans.
relatedness among organisms). However, the older terms Bacteria lack a membrane-bound nucleus and
are still used as informal names to describe the general other internal structures and are therefore
characteristics of various protists.
TITLE C
ranked among the unicellular life-forms called
prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are the dominant
living creatures on Earth, having been present
for perhaps three-quarters of Earth history
and having adapted to almost all available
TITLE D
ecological habitats.
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Bacteria as
DATE: DATE:
TITLE A Prokaryotes
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All living organisms on Earth

are made up of one of two
TITLE B
basic types of cells:

eukaryotic cells, in which the
genetic material is enclosed
TITLE C
within a nuclear membrane,
or prokaryotic cells, in which
the genetic material is not
TITLE D
separated from the rest of
the cell.
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 ARCHAE
DATE: Habitats of the archaea
DATE:
TITLE A
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A Archaea are microorganisms that

define the limits of life on Earth.
They were originally discovered and
(domain Archaea), any of a group of
described in extreme environments,
TITLE B
single-celled prokaryotic organisms
such as hydrothermal vents and
(that is, organisms whose cells lack a terrestrial hot springs. They were
defined nucleus) that have distinct also found in a diverse range of
molecular characteristics separating highly saline, acidic, and anaerobic
TITLE C
them from bacteria (the other, more environments.
prominent group of prokaryotes) as well
as from eukaryotes (organisms,
TITLE D
including plants and animals, whose cells
contain a defined nucleus). Archaea is
derived from the Greek word archaios,
meaning “ancient” or “primitive,” and
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indeed some archaea exhibit Archaea at Midway Geyser Basin,

characteristics worthy of that name. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.
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Human Body Organ System
TITLE A
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The physical substance of the human organism,

composed of living cells and extracellular materials
and organized into tissues, organs, and systems.
Our bodies are made up of 11 basic organ systems
that manage all the essential body functions.
TITLE B
These systems,
while
interdependent,
can become out of
tune. When one is
not functioning
TITLE C
properly, the
others will attempt
to correct the
HUMAN
problem. All the
systems will work
together to try to
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BODY
create what is
known as
homeostasis or
a state of balance
ORGAN within the body.

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SYSTEM
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Integumentary
DATE: System Skeletal System
DATE:
TITLE A
(Bones, Joints)
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(Skin, Hair, Nails)

The integumentary The skeletal system
system is the largest supports and protects the body’s
organ of the body, internal organs. The ribs protect
TITLE B
the abdominal organs, which

equaling 15-20% of our total body
are both vulnerable to injury and
mass. It acts as a barrier to physical, dangerous to our well being
chemical, and biological agents. The when injured.
TITLE C
skin prevents water loss and The skull protects our brain which controls
all functions of our bodies and minds.
regulates body temperature. It
transmits the senses of touch, pain,
and pleasure and maintains body
TITLE D
temperature by secreting sweat.
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Lymphatic System (Red Bone Marrow, Thymus,
Muscular
DATE: system (Cardiac, DATE:
TITLE A
Lymphatic Vessels, Thoracic Duct, Spleen, Lymph
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Smooth, and Skeletal Muscles) Nodes)
Cardiac muscles are found

in the heart and power the actions that This system transports clean fluids in our
maintain blood flow through our body back to the blood and drains excess
fluids and debris from the tissues and cells
TITLE B
body;Smooth, or involuntary
muscles are found in the heart and of the body. It also houses the white blood
organs, they surround the internal cells (lymphocytes) involved in protecting
organs and are responsible for their our bodies from infection. Diseases and
movement such as moving food
disorders specific to the lymphatic system
through the digestive tract; and
include anemias; leukemia; tuberculosis of
TITLE C
Skeletal, or voluntary muscles, are responsible for the lymph nodes; Hodgkin’s disease; and
carrying out the actions and movements caused by other blood disorders.
messages sent from our brains through our nervous
system. Skeletal muscles are also responsible for
maintaining posture and producing heat.
TITLE D
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Digestive system (Oral Cavity,
Respiratory
DATE: System – (Nasal Cavity, DATE:
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Esophagus, Liver, Stomach, Small
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Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum,

Bronchus, Lung) Anus)
This system maintains our breathing. Beginning with our mouths, this system is
It supplies the body with oxygen for responsible for the breaking down and
TITLE B
absorption of nutrients and the

cellular respiration by collecting
elimination of the waste not utilized by
oxygen in the lungs and disposes of
the body. It is responsible for identifying
carbon dioxide by breathing out the which minerals, vitamins, and other
waste product. It also provides our
TITLE C
essentials from the foods we eat can be
functions of speech and smell. absorbed and utilized or stored by the
body and which are to be disposed of, and
carrying out those functions.
TITLE D
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Endocrine System– (Pineal Gland,
Nervous System– (Brain,
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Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland,
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Spinal Cord, Nerves) Thymus, Adrenal Gland, Pancreas,

This system is actually Ovary, Testis)
made up of two
The glands of the endocrine system
distinct parts; the
secrete chemicals called hormones
TITLE B
central nervous system

(CNS) and the that regulate most of the processes in
peripheral nervous our bodies such as growth,
System (PNS). The
central nervous system
reproduction, metabolism, and even
is made up of the brain the control of the amount of glucose
TITLE C
and spinal cord, and in our blood.
the peripheral nervous system is made up of all
the nerves that lead into and out of the CNS to
other parts of the body. The entire nervous
system controls all of the other systems of the
TITLE D
body, such as digestion and cardiac rhythm, and
responds to internal and external changes, such
as activating muscles and breathing. It also
transmits information to the brain, such as pain
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and external sensations.

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Cardiovascular
DATE: (Circulatory) Urinary system (Kidney,
DATE:
TITLE A
Ureter, Urinary Bladder,
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System– (Heart, Blood Vessels)

Urethra)
The heart, made of cardiac muscle,
pumps blood and blood vessels such This system is responsible for eliminating
as arteries and veins, transport the waste products of metabolism and other
TITLE B
materials from the body that are of no use.

blood to every part of our body The system is also responsible for
providing organs and muscles with maintaining the balanced fluid volume in our
nourishment. The blood carries bodies by regulating the amount of water
oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, that is excreted, maintaining the
TITLE C
waste and more throughout the body. concentrations of electrolytes, and normal
pH levels of the blood.
TITLE D
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Reproductive Systems
DATE: DATE:
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MALE (prostate gland, penis,

testis, scrotum, ductus deferens)
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FEMALE (Mammary glands, ovary,

uterus, vagina, fallopian tube)
The reproductive system mainly
functions to create human life.
TITLE C
Ovaries produce female sex
hormones and eggs. Eggs are
fertilized in the fallopian tube by
sperm then travel to the uterus,
TITLE D
which provides the site for
growth. The mammary glands
produce milk for the newborn.
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DATE:
DATE:
TITLE A TITLE B
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SLIDESMANIA

Before Life Began

THE steam escapes and rain allows

● How do you explain that What Evidence do Scientists

In the Hadean, Earth’s surface was

During the Archean Eon, methane

The Proterozoic eon was the longest

from ancient Greek means “visible”.

How do scientist find out

what animals lived

The diversity of life on Earth today

The scientific ordering or

TITLE A The Five Kingdoms

Fungi can be single celled or very complex

INTRODUCTION distributional cells) they produce.

PROTIST, the group is referred to as

ground which is also known as the

ARCHAEA • Single celled microscopic yeasts.

The term protista was first used by Ernst Haeckel in 1866.

algae), and the fungus-like slime molds and water molds. environment on Earth, from deep-sea vents to

All living organisms on Earth

basic types of cells:

A Archaea are microorganisms that

indeed some archaea exhibit Archaea at Midway Geyser Basin,

Human Body Organ System

The physical substance of the human organism,

ORGAN within the body.

(Skin, Hair, Nails)

the abdominal organs, which

Smooth, and Skeletal Muscles) Nodes)

Cardiac muscles are found

Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum,

absorption of nutrients and the

Spinal Cord, Nerves) Thymus, Adrenal Gland, Pancreas,

central nervous system

and external sensations.

System– (Heart, Blood Vessels)

materials from the body that are of no use.

MALE (prostate gland, penis,

FEMALE (Mammary glands, ovary,

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