International University of Sarajevo

CS 422 Wireless and mobile

networks

Lecture 6.

Sarajevo, 14.03.2011.
CONTENT
UMTS INTRODUCTION
UMTS REQUIREMENTS
GPRS- architecture, interfaces, services
UMTS INTRODUCTION

How did it all start?

1. ITU made a request for proposal for RTT for IMT2000
2. FPLMTS tried to establish a common worldwide
telecommunication system that allowed mobility
3. Because of that ITU has created several
recommendations for FPLMTS.
4. IMT 2000 (year of start and spectrum used)
 Next question -->frequency spectrum allocation???
UMTS INTRODUCTION
The world radio conference (WRC) 1992 identified 1885–
2025 and 2110–2200 MHz as the frequency bands.
Wasn’t the plan to have a common global system? This was
the original plan, but after many political discussions and
fights about patents this idea was dropped and a so-called
family of 3G standards was adopted.
The European proposal for IMT-2000 prepared by ETSI is
called universal mobile telecommunications system
(UMTS), the specific proposal for the radio interface RTT is
UMTS (now: universal) terrestrial radio access (UTRA)
UMTS requirements
One initial enhancement of GSM toward UMTS was enhanced data
rates for global evolution (EDGE)
EDGE offers data rates up to 384 kbps using same frequencies as GSM.
In Europe, EDGE was never used as a step toward UMTS but operators
directly jumped onto UMTS.
Basic requirements for UMTS are:
 Minimum data rates of 144 kbit/s for rural outdoor access (with the
goal of 384 kbit/s) at a maximum speed of 500 km/h.
 For suburban outdoor use a minimum of 384 kbit/s should be achieved
with the goal of 512 kbit/s at 120 km/h.
 For indoor or city use with relatively short ranges, up to 2 Mbit/s are
required at 10 km/h (walking).
UMTS REQUIREMENTS
UMTS should provide:
several bearer services, real-time and non realtime
services, circuit and packet switched transmission, and
many different data rates
Handover
Variable division of uplink and downlink data rates
Overwiev
What happened to the IMT-2000 family?
As a single standard could not be found, the ITU
standardized five groups of 3G radio access technologies.
UMTS RELEASES AND STANDARDIZATION

UMTS R99 - the specification describes the new radio access

technologies UTRA FDD and UTRA TDD,
R00 – did not bring anything new
R4 - introduces quality of service in the fixed network
R5 - introduces quality of service in the fixed network
R6, R7 – introduces the use of MIMO antenas, enhanced
MMS, security enhancements, WLAN/UMTS
interworking, broadcast/multicast services, enhanced IMS,
IP emergency calls,
UMTS ARCHITECTURE
UTRAN – handles cell level mobility, radio channel ciphering and
deciphering, handover control, radio resource management ,etc.
CORE NETORK - contains functions for inter-system handover,
gateways to other networks (fixed or wireless), and performs
location management.
USER EQUIPMENT - comprises all the functions that are needed
to access UMTS services.

UMTS RADIO INTERFACE
The biggest difference between UMTS and GSM comes
with the new radio interface (Uu).
DS-CDMA multiplies a stream of bits with a chipping
sequence. This spreads the signal and, if the chipping
sequence is unique, can separate different users. All
signals use the same frequency band (in UMTS/IMT-2000
5 MHz-wide bands have been specified and licensed to
network operators). UMTS uses a constant chipping rate
of 3.84 Mchip/s. Different user data rates can be
supported using different spreading factors.
UTRAN
UTRAN - RNC
RNC performs the following:
Call admission control
Congestion control
Encryption/decryption
ATM switching and multiplexing, protocol conversion
Code allocation
Power control
Handover control and RNS relocation
UTRAN – NODE B
An important task of a node B is the inner loop power
control to mitigate near-far effects. This node also
measures connection qualities and signal strengths. A node
B can even support a special case of handover, a so-called
softer handover which takes place between different
antennas of the same node B.
UTRAN – USER EQUIPMENT
User equipment performs the following tasks:
As the counterpart of a node B, the UE performs signal
quality measurements, inner loop power control, spreading
and modulation, and rate matching.
As a counterpart of the RNC, the UE has to cooperate during
handover and cell selection, performs encryption and
dencryption, and participates in the radio resource allocation
process.
As a counterpart of the CN, the UE has to implement mobility
management functions, performs bearer negotiation, or
requests certain services from the network.
UMTS – CORE NETWORK
UMTS - HANDOVER
Hard handover – inter frequency handover
Soft handover - The fact that a UE receives data from different antennas at the
same time makes a handover soft. Moving from one cell to another is a smooth, not
an abrupt process.