Particulate Nature Of

Matter
& Common
Laboratory
Apparatuses
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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Recognize the substances are made up of smaller particles,

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 Identify the different common laboratory apparatus and

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_ _ their
_ _ _ _ _ uses.
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 States of Matter
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• There are three states of matter: SOLID, LIQUID, and GAS.
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• They are inter-convertible to each other.
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• The reason of their inter-convertible is depends on pressure
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and temperature.
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 SOLID
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• Arrangement of molecules:
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• Packed closely together
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They have the strongest force of attraction between their
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particles.
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Solid particles can only vibrate in place.
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Have
_ _ _ _ _definite
_ _ _ _ _ _ _shape
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and volume
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 LIQUID
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• Arrangement of molecules
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_ _ _ _Molecules
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _are
_ _ _ _ loosely
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _packed
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _and
_ _ _ _ _have
_ _ _ _ _ _space
_ _ _ _ _ _ _in
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ between
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They have strong force of attraction between their
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particles.
The particles can make sliding motion past each other.
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Take the shape of the
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container
 GAS
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• Arrangement of molecules
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Far from each other

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_
_ _There
_ _ _ _ _ _is
_ _no
_ _ _considerable
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _force
_ _ _ _ _of
_ _ attraction
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _among
_ _ _ _ _ _ the
_ _ _ _particles.
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They can be compressed to make the volume smaller or they can
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be expanded to make the volume larger.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
They fill up the container that takes it shape.
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No definite volume and
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shape
 Physical Properties Of Matter
Property SOLID LIQUID GAS
 Have fixed  Have no fixed  Have no fixed shape
shapes shape  Take the shape of
SHAPE  Take the shape of their container
their container

VOLUME  Have fixed  Have fixed  Have no fixed volume

volumes volumes  Fill up the space of
their container

COMPRESSIBILITY  Cannot be  Cannot be  Can be compressed

Compressed compressed
 Temperature and Pressure
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• Increasing the temperature/pressure will increase the
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energy among the particles and thus overcome the forces of
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attraction that are holding them.
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SOLID LIQUID GAS
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _MELTING
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _EVAPORATION
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SOLID GAS
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SUBLIMATION
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 Temperature and Pressure
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•_ _Increasing
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _the
_ _ _ _ temperature/pressure
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on
_ _ _ _the
_ _ _ other
_ _ _ _ _ _ hand
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will make the particles become close to each other.
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SOLID
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _MELTING
LIQUID GAS
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _EVAPORATION
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _FREEZING
CONDENSATION
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SOLID
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GAS
SUBLIMATION
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DEPOSITION
 Physical properties of matter
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Intensive/ Intrinsic Properties:
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•_ These
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _are
_ _ _ _the
_ _ _ _physical
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _properties
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _of
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_ matter
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _that
_ _ _ _ are
_ _ _ _ constant
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _regardless
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _of
_ _ the
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amount of matter present.
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•_ _independent
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to
_ _ _amount
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of
_ _ _matter.
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•_ _Boiling
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _point
_ _ _ _ _ (BP),
_ _ _ _ _ _ Melting
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Point
_ _ _ _ _ _(MP),
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_ _density,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ color,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _odor,
_ _ _ _ _ _and
_ _ _ _texture
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 Physical properties of matter
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Extensive/
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Extrinsic
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Properties:
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•_ These
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _are
_ _ _ _the
_ _ _ _physical
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _properties
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_ that
_ _ _ _ _are
_ _ _ _not
_ _ _ _constant
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _and
_ _ _ _change
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_ with
_ _ _ _ _ the
_ _ _ _amount
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _of_ _ matter
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _present.
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•_ _Dependent
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _on
_ _ _the
_ _ _ _amount
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of
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_ _matter
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•_ _shape,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ size,
_ _ _ _ _ _length,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _mass
_ _ _ _ _ _and
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_ _volume.
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 Physical properties of matter
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CUTTING OF PAPERS
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ORANGE JUICE
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Intensive: they have the
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Intensive:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _they
_ _ _ _have
_ _ _ _ _ same
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same texture and color. taste and color.
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Extensive: they have
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Extensive:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _they
_ _ _ _ have
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different shapes and sizes. different amount of juices.
 Chemical properties of matter
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 Is the properties that tend to change the identity of matter.
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Flammability : ability to burn
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Ex: wood, paper, plastics, and cloth.
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Rusting: Ability to rust
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Ex: Metal
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_ _ _ _BEAKER
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Stirring
_ _ _ _ _ _ Rods
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Test
_ _ _ _Tubes
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• _Use
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to hold, mix, and • Use for stirring and • Use to hold and mix
_ _ _ _ heat
_ _ _ _liquids
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mixing.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ liquids.
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_Test
_ _ _ _Tube
_ _ _ _ Clamp
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Graduated
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Cylinder
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Erlenmeyer
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Flask
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ •_ _Use
• Use _ _ _ _to
_ _measure
_ _ _ _ _ _ _a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ •_ _Used
_ _ _ _ _to_ _hold
_ _ _ and
_ _ _ _mix
to hold a test tube,
precise volume of a chemicals. The small
particularly when hot.
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liquid. neck is to facilitate
mixing without spilling.
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_ _ _ _ _Funnel
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Balance
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Ring
_ _ _ _Stand
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• Use
_ _ _to
_ _transfer
_ _ _ _ _ _ liquids
_ _ _ _ _ _or
• _ _ _ _ to
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Used _ _ hold
_ _ _ _or
_ _clamp
__
fine-grained materials • Used for measuring laboratory glassware and
_ _ containers
into _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _with _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _mass.
_ _ _ _small _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _other
_ _ _ _equipment
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in
openings. Also used for place, so it does not fall
filtration. down or come apart.
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_ _Test
_ _ _ _tube
_ _ _ _Rack
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Evaporating
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Dish
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Watch
_ _ _ _ _ _Glass
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _•_ _Used
• Used _ _ _ _to
_ _hold
_ _ _ _solids
_ _ _ _ _while
to hold several test • Used to heat liquids for
they are being weighted
tubes at one time.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ evaporation.
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or to cover a beaker.
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_ _Bunsen
_ _ _ _ _ _ Burner
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Mortar
_ _ _ _ _ _and
_ _ _ Pestle
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Wire
_ _ _ _ _Gauze
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• _Frequently
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _used
_ _ _ _as
_ _a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _• _ Used
_ _ _ _ _to
_ _support
_ _ _ _ _ _a
heat source in the • Used to crush and grind
container, such as a
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _of
absence _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _materials.
_ _flammable _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _beaker,
_ _ _ _ _ _ and
_ _ _ _ceramic,
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materials. fiber glass.

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_ _ _ _ _ _Pipet
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Pipet
_ _ _ _ bulbs
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Ring
_ _ _ _ _Clamp
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• Use
_ _ _ _to
_ _measure
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ small
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• Used to draw Liquids into • Used with a ring stand to
amount of liquid very
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _hold
_ _ _ _glassware,
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _such
_ _ as
accurately.
a beaker or a funnel.