BASIC CONCEPT IN

TOURISM PLANNING,
POLICY AND
DEVELOPMENT
MS. JESSICA ROSE P. ENRIQUEZ
  Define and understand the need of tourism planning

OBJECTIVES  Learn the approaches and techniques of planning

 Identify the major elements in planning a tourism destination
  is one of the most fundamental skill that you will need as a future
tourism professional, this is because every company that you want
to work with makes plans at every level of their organization that
PLANNING includes the company that you might want to establish on your
own.
 TOURISM POLICY TOURISM PLANNING
 It is defined as “a set of rules,
regulations, guidelines, directives,
and development/promotion
objectives and strategies that  -organizing the future to
provide framework within which achieve certain objective.
the collective, as well as individual Planning is carried out at all
GENERAL decisions directly affecting long-
term tourism development and
levels from individuals
planning their everyday
CONCEPTS the daily activities within a
destination are taken” (Goeldner activities and personal lives
to formalized comprehensive
OF PLANNING & Ritchie 2003,p.413 in Scott,
2011) national and regional
 It is one of the primary bases of planning undertaken by some
tourism planning, along with governments
national, local development plans,
land use plans, natural and cultural
assets of the place, environmental
policy, cultural policy, foreign
policy and expressed national and
local needs.
 A. PHYSICAL IMPACTS B. HUMAN IMPACTS
CONSEQUEN  Less accessibility to services
CES OF LACK  Damage or permanent
and tourist attractions for
local residents resulting in
OF TOURISM alteration of the physical
environment
local resentment.

PLANNING OR  Damage or permanent

alteration of
 Dislike of tourists by local
residents
POOR historical/cultural
landmarks and resources
 Loss of cultural identities;
TOURISM  Overcrowding and  Lack of education of tourism
employees in skills and
PLANNING congestion
hospitality; and
 Lack of awareness of the
benefits of tourism to the
destination areas
 C. MARKETING IMPACTS
 Failure to capitalize on new
marketing opportunities;
 Erosion of market shares due to
actions of competitive destination
areas;
 Lack of sufficient awareness in
prime markets;
 tourism industry’s interests;
Lack of a clear image of destination
area in potential markets;
 Lack of cooperative advertising
among individual operators;
 Inadequate capitalization in
packaging opportunities
 D. ORGANIZATIONAL
IMPACTS
 Fragmental approach to the
marketing and development of
tourism, often involving
“competitive splinter groups”
 Lack of cooperation among
individual operators;
 Inadequate representation of the
 Lack of support from local public
authorities;
 Failure to act on important issues,
problems, and opportunities of
common interest to the industry.
 E. OTHER IMPACTS
 Lack of sufficient attractions
and events;
 High seasonality and short
lengths of stay;
 Poor or deteriorating quality
of facilities and services; and
 Poor or inadequate travel
information services
 Many areas experienced
tourism cycles which start
with:
 Few rich visitors
 Series of expansion programs
THE NEED  Attain saturation
FOR TOURISM  Then go into decline
PLANNING Then decline can be avoided
through:
 Responsible planning
 Proper management
 Many success stories describe
tourist destinations have
undergone through planning
supported by strong
commitments for their
attainment. Success that has
been sustain lead to conclusions
that beside suitable attractions,
planning, commitment and
management are principal
elements in determining the
decline or success of a tourist
destination. Tourism plan and
development program prov ide
guidelines for areas in which
government is necessary to
coordinate the different sectors
to better service
 IS THE PROCESS OF
 gathering and evaluating information to identify and prioritize current tourism
development issues,
 imagining a desired future state of tourism in the destination, and
 choosing from a number of alternatives for achieving them.

TOURISM This process involves

 
PLANNING  Situational Analysis,
 Vision, Mission, Goals, and Objectives
 Vision is the desires future state of the destination
 Goals are broad-based targets for tourism
 Objectives are targets that are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and
time-bound.
 Strategies are the method which objectives will be achieved
 Planning at the international level usually takes place through:
 (WTO) and it’s regional commission
 (ICAO)
 (IATA)
 (PATA)
 (CTO)
 Tourism Council of the South Pacific (TCSP)
 Sub-Committee on Tourism (SCOT)
 (ASEAN)
 Tourism Coordination Units (TCU)
 Southeast Africa Development Coordination Conference ( SADCC)
 Tourism Committee of the Organization for the Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD )
  focused on several elements like tourism policy, a physical
structure plan, other major infrastructure, major tour routes in the
country and their regional connections, tourism organizational
National structures, legislation and investment policies, tourism marketing
strategies and promotional programs, education and training
Planning programs, facility development and design standards,
sociocultural environmental, and economic considerations and
impact analysis, and, national implementation techniques.
  Tourism policy
 Infrastructure facilities
 A physical structure plan
 The amount, kinds and quality of accommodation and other
required tourist facilities and services
National  The important tour routes in the country and their regional
Planning connections
 Tourism organizational entities, laws and investment policies
Components  Tourism marketing strategies and promotion
 Education and training programs
 Design standards and facility development
 Environmental, economic, and socio-cultural analysis
 National level implementation methods including the short-term
development plan and project scheduling
 Regional Planning Components
 Regional policy
Regional level  Regional entry points and transportation facilities and services
 Kinds of tourist attractions and services
for one region of a  The amount, kinds and location of tourist accommodation and other facilities
and services
country, often a state
of province, or perhaps  Location of tourist development areas including resort areas
an island group, and  Socio-cultural, environmental, economic and impact analysis
formulated within the  Education and training programs on the regional level
framework of the  Marketing techniques and promotion
national tourism policy  Organizational establishments, laws, regulations and investments policies
and plan.  Implementation methods which include project plans and regional zoning
regulations
 Regional level of tourism planning is more specific than the national planning
level.
 CITY / SITE-LEVEL
PROVINCIAL
MUNICIPALITY TOURISM
PLANNING
PLANNING PLANNING
 SCOPE
TIME FRAME

 A tourism plan may be

OTHER  All plans are future-oriented
and these plans may be
DIMENSIONS short-, medium, or long-
OF TOURISM term. Short- term usually
means two years or less in
PLANNING the future, medium-term is
two to five years, and long –
term as five years and up.
comprehensive in scope, or
focused on one or just few
aspects of tourism planning.
A comprehensive tourism
plan is also known as Master
Plan. A master plan is
actually composed of smaller
plans. A tourism plan may
also concentrate on just one
or two specific components.
SPATIAL UNITS (provided
by Department of Tourism-
Japan International
Cooperation Agency (DOT-  Tourism Development unit is the space covered in tourism
JICA) and the UNESCO) planning.
   Tourist site
 Tourist Development area (TDA) Tourism Cluster
The space covered in tourism
planning is called a tourism
 Tourism circuits Tourism corridor
development unit. These are the
following spatial concepts.
 
  A tourist site is an area that contains one or more tourist
attractions.
 A tourist attraction is defined by Tourism Western Australia (2006)
as either “a physical or cultural feature of a particular place that
individual travelers or tourists perceive as capable of meeting one
or more of their specific leisure-related needs, or positive or
TOURIST SITE favorable attributes of an area for a given activity or set of
activities as desired by a given costumer or market, including
climate, scenery, activities and culture.
 It may be any object, person, place, or concept that draws
 people either geographically or through remote electronic means
so that they might have an experience. The experience can be
recreational, spiritual, or otherwise. (Strange et al. n.d.)
FOUR CATEGORIES OF
ATTRACTIONS
(WORLD HERITAGE
CENTER)
GEOPHYSICAL  Mountains, gorges, big rocks, rock formations, caves, rivers, water
-LANDSCAPE- bodies, scenic views, unusual cloud formations, unusual
meteorological conditions, thermal waters, volcanic activity and
AESTHETIC unusual celestial events.
ECOLOGICAL-
BIOLOGICAL  Organisms and ecological events or processes.
CULTURAL-  Churches, historical houses, archaeological sites, ancient
HISTORICAL monuments, amusement parks, theme parks, open air museums,
marinas, exhibition centers, craft centers, casinos, health
complexes, picnic sites and retail complexes.
RECREATIONAL  Theme parks, botanical gardens, sports fields, motion-based
attractions, zoos, museums, theaters, shopping malls and events.
TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
AREA (TDA )
an area designated for possessing an
important site or groups of tourist site. A town
or city that has one or more tourist sites or
more than one town or city can be considered
as TDA. It may also cover 1 or more towns such
as Vigan-Laoag TDA.
TOURISM CLUSTER
A cluster may consist of towns located in different provinces
Northern Leyte
Functions are the staging point because of its proximity to the airport
and more available tourist grade accommodation

Southern Samar island tourism cluster

Has the historically significant balangiga church and several natural
attractions
Tourism Circuit
A tourism circuit is defined as a route involving at least three major
tourist destination which are located in different towns, villages or
cities and the destinations share common characteristics or themes.
 
Examples are:
Gastronomic
Surfing circuit
Tourism Corridor
A tourism corridor refers to a route defined by a
theme spanning several countries or even
continents. The Inca corridor in South America
covers Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Argentina
and Colombia.
Tourism’s main
assets are  Tourism is subject to external forces that are
nature and largely uncontrollable, such as the political
situation, weather, nature calamities, currency
culture. fluctuations, and international relations.
Building heights  Tourism exerts impacts on the environment,
Architectural designs culture and economy of destinations. Tourism
Preservations of historic is a highly dynamic and competitive industry.
towns
Density limits
Waste management