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Engineering Graphics - Lect 6

LAST LECTURE OVER VIEW
 What is an involute ???
 How to draw involute for Circle???
 Tangent and normal to the involute
CYCLOID
 Cycloid is defined as a path/curve generated by a point
located on circumference of the circle when circle rolls
along a straight line without slipping.

 The rolling circle is called as – Generating Circle

 The fixed line is called as- Directing Line
Distance Travelled by the point = Distance Travelled by the circle
CONT…
CONT…
CYCLOID
 A circle of 40 mm diameter rolls along a straight line
without slipping.
 Draw the curve traced out by a point P on the
circumference, for one complete revolution of the circle.
Name the curve. Draw a tangent to the curve at a point 27
mm from line.
Draw a circle of diameter 40 mm and mark its centre C.
Mark point P on the circumference of the circle as the initial
position of a point P.
Divide the circle into 12 equal parts
Mark circle as 1,2,3…12 as shown in the figure.
Draw line PA tangent as the Directing Line and length equal to
the 2 π r= 125.7

A
Draw horizontal lines or parallel lines to the directing lines
from 1,2,3…12.

A
Divide line PA into equal parts and mark them by 1’,2’,3’,
…,12’.

A
From C draw parallel line to the directing line and mark C1…
C12 corresponding to 1’ to 12’.

A
Now, when the circle has rolled without slip by 1/12th of a revolution, the
centre point C must have moved to C1 and the point P must be moved and
achieved height of point P1 of the circle.
Accordingly, with C1 as centre and radius =20 mm draw an arc to cut the
horizontal line through 1 of the circle at P1.
Similarly get the arc-line intersecting points with C2, C3,…C12
as centres and radius equal to 20 mm to intersect lines through
2,3 …12.
Name those points line P2, P3… P12.
Join P1, P2, … P12 by means of smooth curve to get a cycloid.
TANGENT AND NORMAL
 Draw a tangent to the curve at a point 27 mm from line.
Mark point R on cycloid which is lying on a line 27 mm from
the directing line.

C C1
With R as a centre and radius 20mm, draw an arc to cut centre
line C-C1 at some point B,

C
C1
Through B draw a line BS perpendicular to the directing line PA
and cutting it at S.

C1
C
Draw a line through R and S. This line is required normal.

C1
C
Through R draw MN at right angle to RS. MN is the tangent to
the cycloid.

N
C1
C
TYPES OF CYCLOID CURVES
Epicycloids: -
It is a curve traced by a point on the circumference of a
circle which rolls without slipping on the outside of another
circle.

Hypocycloid: -
It is a curve traced by a point on the circumference of a
circle which rolls without slipping on the inside of another
circle.
Problem 22: Draw locus of a point on the periphery of a circle which rolls on straight line path . Take circle diameter as
50 mm. Draw normal and tangent on the curve at a point 40 mm above the directing line.

CYCLOID
6 p5 p6
7 5 p7

4 p4 p8
8
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 p9 C12
9 p3 3
p2 p10
10 p1 2
p11
11 1 p12
12 P
D

Solution Steps:
1)      From center C draw a horizontal line equal to D distance.
2)      Divide D distance into 12 number of equal parts and name them C1, C2, C3__ etc.
3)      Divide the circle also into 12 number of equal parts and in anticlockwise direction, after P name 1, 2, 3 up to 12.
4)      From all these points on circle draw horizontal lines. (parallel to locus of C)
5)      With a fixed distance C-P in compass, C1 as center, mark a point on horizontal line from 1. Name it P.
6)      Repeat this procedure from C2, C3, C4 up to C12 as centers. Mark points P2, P3, P4, P5 up to P12 on the
horizontal lines drawn from 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 respectively.
7)      Join all these points by curve. It is Cycloid.
PROBLEM 25: DRAW LOCUS OF A POINT ON THE PERIPHERY OF A CIRCLE WHICH ROLLS ON A CURVED PATH. Take diameter
of rolling Circle 50 mm And radius of directing circle i.e. curved path, 75 mm.

Solution Steps:
1)  When smaller circle will roll on
larger circle for one revolution it
will cover D distance on arc and
it will be decided by included arc
angle .
2)  Calculate  by formula  = (r/R)
c8 c9 c10
x 360◦
c7 c11
3)  Construct angle  with radius OC
c12
and draw an arc by taking O as c6
center OC as radius and form
sector of angle . c5
8 9 10
4)  Divide this sector into 12 11
7
number of equal angular parts. 12
c4 6
And from C onward name them
C1, C2, C3 up to C12. 5

5)  Divide smaller circle (Generating c3

4
circle) also in 12 number of equal
parts. And next to P in
3
anticlockw-ise direction name c2
those 1, 2, 3, up to 12.
6)  With O as center, O-1 as radius 3’
2
4’ 2’
draw an arc in the sector. Take
c1
O-2, O-3, O-4, O-5 up to O-12 5’ 1
1’
distances with center O, draw all
concentric arcs in sector. Take θ
fixed distance C-P in compass, C1 6’
C 12’
P
center, cut arc of 1 at P1.
Repeat procedure and locate P2, P3, O
7’ 11’ OP=Radius of directing circle=75mm
P4, P5 unto P12 (as in cycloid) and
PC=Radius of generating circle=25mm
join them by smooth curve. This 8’ 10’ θ=r/R X360º= 25/75 X360º=120º
is EPI – CYCLOID. 9’
PROBLEM 26: DRAW LOCUS OF A POINT ON THE PERIPHERY OF A CIRCLE WHICH ROLLS FROM THE INSIDE OF A CURVED
PATH. Take diameter of rolling circle 50 mm and radius of directing circle (curved path) 75 mm.

8 9 10
7 11

6 12

4
c8 c9 c10
c7 c11
c12
c6
3
c5
c4
2 3’ c3
2’ 4’
c2
1 1’
c1 5’

Solution Steps: θ
1)  Smaller circle is rolling here, inside the larger circle. It 12’
6’
has to rotate anticlockwise to move ahead. P C
2)  Same steps should be taken as in case of EPI – 11’ 7’
O
CYCLOID. Only change is in numbering direction of 12
number of equal parts on the smaller circle. 10’ 8’
3)  From next to P in clockwise direction, name 9’
OP=Radius of directing circle=75mm
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
PC=Radius of generating circle=25mm
4)  Further all steps are that of epi – cycloid. This is
called HYPO – CYCLOID. θ=r/R X360º= 25/75 X360º=120º