Source: Credits for picture

Transportation Project Studio

Copenhagen Metro Case study
Presented by: Mahima | Monsoon Semester 2022
Master of Urban Transport Systems | CEPT University

Guided by: Hemangi Dalwadi, Shivanand Swamy Teaching Associate: Reshma Mathew
 Copenhagen The city of Bicycle
City Brief:
Copenhagen is the most populous city of Denmark and
also its capital city. By the beginning of the 20th
century, Copenhagen had become a industrial and
administrative city.
The city features fantastic bicycle lanes and NMT
infrastructure thanks to Jan Gehl's initiative.
This has till date effected the mode share of the
city as cycling and walking has the highest share.
Having 370km of cycling tracks in the
municipality area it makes 40% of its population to
commute on cycle. mode of cycling is regarded
as complementary modes to public transport,
and playing a crucial role in Copenhagener’s daily
life

Mahima Varu | PUT21201 | MUTS

City Context
Area : 179 sqkm
Population : 5,10,000 (2002)
8 lakh (2022)
Annual growth : 0.9%
Density : 2849 persons/sqkm (28p/Ha)
Pvt cars / 1000p : 347
Copenhagen
NMT mode share : 49% (walking and cycling)

Mode Share
Amager East
26%

41%

27%
6%
4W Public Transit walking bicycle Amager east: Houses Copenhagen Airport and is known f
Source: Deloitte insights. shopping streets
 City Growth and Employment center

Employment Density Population Density

• Employment and population densities
are concentrated
• Growth is seen in a linear pattern
which houses low density employment
as well as population

The Finger Plan:

Copenhagen led the way in 1945 with
planned TOD soon after the finger plan
was established.
Mahima Varu | PUT21201 | MUTS Source: urban structures and mobility study, DTU.
 PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Network Map

1934
S-trains were introduced

1956
Copenhagen motorways
were introduced

M1 & M2 metro 1990

route
Buses have the most extensive
network in Copenhagen
Copenhagen faced stagnant economic growth
And took decision to connect the city to the airport
via metro
2002
Introduction of Buses and Metro route M1

Legend
Bus
S-Train 2024
Metro route M4 is scheduled to be completed
Motorways
Metro
Train

Mahima Varu | PUT21201 | MUTS Source: urban structures and mobility study, DTU.
 PUBLIC TRANSPORT – Modal changes

Pre-dominant mode of transport in Integration of cycles with metro

Copenhagen • cycling routes to public transport
First bike lane was introduced in 1910 • facilities at public transport nodes
• carrying bikes on public transport
• cycling routes to final destination
2002 • Facilities at the final destination
Introduction of Buses and Metro route M1

• In 2002: 7-8% drop in Car traffic

• In 2003: 2-3% drop in Car traffic
• In 2004: 4-5% drop was seen again in Car traffic

2004
(S-trains were introduced in 1934)
A shift of 18-20 % was noted from S-train to metro

2004
About 9% of bikers shifted to metro (M1 & M2)

Mahima Varu | PUT21201 | MUTS Source: Transport impact of Copenhagen metro,

Danish Transport Institute.
 Copenhagen Metro
Salient Features
Network Map Route length of corridor 38.2
Overall route pattern Ring and Radial
No. of stations 44
Design speed 80km/hr
Operating speed 40km/hr
Coach dimension 39*2.6
Train composition 2,3,4 coaches
Average trip length 2.8km
Headway 2-4
Cabin capacity 100
Track gauge 1435mm
Signalling system ATS ,ATO,ATP system

fare collection system Integrated distance based

Platform length 60m
Station spacing 900m
Parking space availability Yes
Integration with other modes Yes
Width of station 20m

Implementing agency Metroselskabet and

Greater Copenhagen Light
Rail

55% of the land used for the project was provided by city of Copenhagen and Project implementation unit Ansaldo
45% by Danish Government.

Mahima Varu | PUT21201 | MUTS Source: Google

 Copenhagen Metro
Time Line Ridership
phase-wise development of Metro • 240,000 daily users take the metro in Copenhagen
• Daily ridership per km 3790

2002 2010 2019

Event M1 M2 M3
opened opened opened
Km added 13.9km 14.2 15.5
Stations 15 16 17
Dist. between 900m ~900m ~900m
station
Annual 3.3 52.5 78.9
Ridership million million million
Rolling stock - 34 -
Capital Cost - - 3 million
The system operates continually (24/7) with a
varying headway throughout the day. During rush, there is a four-
minute headway. During Thursday through Saturday night, the
headway is fifteen minutes, and other nights it is twenty minutes
2024
on all sections of the metro.
Metro route M4 is scheduled to be completed
operating 64 electric trains in the entire route
Mahima Varu | PUT21201 | MUTS Source: Statista.com (Annual ridership)
 Fare Structure, Technology and Integration
Zone Map for fare
Fare Structure
• 8 Zones have been created for fare collection throughout the different
transport modes

• A two-zone ticket costs DKK 23 (Danish Krone) , a three-zone ticket DKK

34.50 and a four-zone ticket DKK 46 as in Copenhagen zone map.

• Discounts are available for multi-ride tickets and children. 

Unique Feature

Metro, S-Trains and Buses can be accessed with the Same ticket

Environmentally Sustainable Features

•To save energy the tunnels have been built on slopes which make the trains save
energy by accelerating downhill.

•The brake energy from trains braking is converted into electric power that is used
by the other trains.

•High level of light. Through top-lighting the stations, daylight is used to create a
bright, secure, and comfortable environment. At the same time it reduces the
amount of electricity and artificial lighting needed.

Mahima Varu | PUT21201 | MUTS Source: Centre for Human cantered design,
Visitcopenhagen.com
 Stakeholders and Managing agencies

How was Copenhagen Metro financed? Project Team

Copenhagen Municipality & Danish State Ministry of Finance
• Net profit on operations Doing business on this project as Orestad Development Corporation

• State guaranteed loans Project Manager – Design and Construction

• Loans at low interest rates COWI Consulting Engineers and Planners AS
• Access to liquidity
General Contractor
• Selling Land Ansaldo Transporti Sistemi Ferroviari
When the value of land increases after the infrastructure project is ANSALDO
proposed, the land is sold at a higher rate generating profit for the project

Universal Design Features

•Fully automatic, driverless trains.
•Level free access to the trains (55 mm. gap between the train and the
platform).
•Audio information on platforms and in the trains.
•Visual marking of stairs and platform front edge.
•Platform doors in underground stations. Ørestad Development Corporation (ODC) –

Stack
50% share

•Seating is supplemented with “perching” chairs that do not take up space in

the stations. Danish Ministry of Finance – 41.7% share
City of Frederiksberg – 8.3% share

•Special whisper speakers for blind and visually impaired people to

holders
compensate for written boards.
•Passengers are able to buy their Metro ticket by writing a text message City of Frederiksberg – 8.3% share

•Ample floor space in cars for bikes, strollers and wheelchairs.

Mahima Varu | PUT21201 | MUTS Source: Google

Thank You

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