NAGA CITY SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL

Balatas, Naga City

WELCOME GRADE 10 SCHOLARS!

September 2022
created by: SOCJR
If I requested you to save ₱1 today,
save ₱2 tomorrow, save ₱4 the next day,
and so on.
1. How much will you save on the
10th day?
2. How much will your savings be on
the 10th day?
If I requested you to save ₱1 today, save ₱2 tomorrow,
save ₱4 the next day, and so on.
1. How much you will save on the 10th day?
2. How much will your savings be on the 10th day?

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 … Day 11 Day 12

1 2 3 4 5 6 … 11 12

₱1 ₱2 ₱4 ₱8 ₱16 ₱32 … ₱1024 ₱2048

1(2) 2(2) 4(2) 8(2) 16(2) 512(2) 1024(2)

r =2, common ratio  

GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
TARGETS:
1.List terms of a geometric sequence and
find the common ratio.

2.Find the nth term of a geometric

sequence including geometric means.

3.Find the sums of geometric series.

Vocabulary
geometric sequence
geometric mean
geometric series
common ratio
Vocabulary
Geometric Sequence
A sequence where each term after the first is obtained
by multiplying the preceding term by a non-zero
constant.
Common ratio
A constant multiplied to the previous term of the
geometric sequence to obtain the next term of the
sequence.
Geometric Mean
The terms between any two non-successive terms in a
geometric sequence.
Geometric Series
The sum of the terms in a geometric sequence.
Let’s take a look at this example below:
Serena Williams was the winner out of 128
players who began the 2003 Wimbledon
Ladies’ Singles Championship. After each
match, the winner continues to the next
round and the loser is eliminated from the
tournament. This means that after each
round only half of the players remain.
The number of players remaining after each round
can be modeled by a geometric sequence. In a
geometric sequence, the ratio of successive
terms is a constant called the common ratio
r (r ≠ 1) . For the players remaining, r is .
 Geometric Sequence

Geometric mean between Geometric means between

64 32 , 16
64 , __
128, __
128, __ , 32

Geometric series
128+64+32+16+8+4+2+1=255
A closer look: Geometric Sequence as function

Recall that exponential

functions have a common
ratio. When you graph the
ordered pairs (n, an) of a
geometric sequence, the
points lie on an
exponential
curve as shown. Thus, you
can think of a geometric
sequence as an
exponential function
with sequential
natural numbers as the
domain.
 Identifying Geometric Sequences

Determine whether the sequence could be

geometric or arithmetic. If possible, find the
common ratio or difference.
5, 1, 0.2, 0.04, ...

Difference: –4 –0.8 –0.16

Ratio: = .2

Geometric sequence, with

 Identifying Geometric Sequences

Determine whether the sequence could be

geometric or arithmetic. If possible, find the
common ratio or difference.

Difference:

Ratio:

Geometric Sequence with

 Identifying Geometric Sequences

Determine whether the sequence could be

geometric or arithmetic. If possible, find the
common ratio or difference.

1.7, 1.3, 0.9, 0.5, . . .

Difference: –0.4 –0.4 –0.4

Ratio:

Arithmetic Sequence, with d = –0.4.

Each term in a geometric sequence is the product of
the previous term and the common ratio, giving the
recursive rule for a geometric sequence.

nth term an = an–1r Common

ratio

First term
 RULE or FORMULA
Explicit rule to find the nth term of a geometric sequence.
Each term is the product of the first term and a power of the
common ratio as shown in the table.
Finding the nth Term Given a Geometric Sequence
What is the 7th term of the geometric sequence
3, 12, 48, 192, ....
a2 12
Step 1: Find the common ratio. r= = =4
a1 3
Step 2: Write a rule, and evaluate for n = 7.

an = a1 r n–1

a7 = 3(4)7–1

a7 = 3(4096)
a7 = 12,288
More Examples:
Find the 9th term of the geometric sequence.

Step 1 Find the common ratio.

Step 2 Write a rule, and evaluate for n = 9.

an = a1 r n–1

( )
9− 1
3 1
𝑎 9= −
4 2

( )
8
3 1
𝑎 9= −
4 2
𝑎 9= ( )
3 1
4 256
𝑎 9=
3
1024
The 9th term is
𝟑
𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒
.
More Examples:
Finding the nth Term Given Two Terms
Find the 8th term of the geometric sequence with a3
= 36 and a5 = 324.
Step 1: Find the common ratio.
a5 = a3 r(5 – 3)
a5 = a3 r2
324 = 36r2
9 = r2
±3 = r
Step 2: Find a1. an = a1r n-1 36 = a1(–3)3 - 1
36 = a1(3)3 - 1 36 = a1(–3)3 - 1

36 = a1(9) 36 = a1(-3)2
4 = a1 4 = a1
 Example 3 Continued

Step 3 Write the rule and evaluate for a8.

Consider both the positive and negative values for r.

an = a1r n-1
an = a1r n-1

an = 4(3)n - 1 or an = 4(–3)n - 1

a8 = 4(3)8 - 1 a8 = 4(–3)8 - 1
a8 = 8748 a8 = –8748

The 8th term is 8748 or –8747.

Caution!

When given two terms of a geometric

sequence, be sure to consider positive and
negative values for r when necessary.
GEOMETRIC MEAN
What is the geometric mean
between 16 and 25?

16, ____,
20 25
Geometric means are the terms between any two
nonconsecutive terms of a geometric sequence.

Find the geometric mean of 16 and 25.

The geometric mean between 16 and 25 is 20.

 Another Example : Geometric Means

Insert two geometric means between 3 and 192.

12 _____,
3, ____, 48 192
=3
=3
192=3 12 and 48 are the two geometric
means between 3 and 192.
=
64=
4=r
The indicated sum of the terms of a geometric
sequence is called a Geometric Series.
Example 1: Finding the Sum of a Geometric Series
Find the indicated sum for the geometric series.

S8 for 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + ...
Step 1: Find the common ratio.

Step 2: Find S8
Example 2: Finding the Sum of a Geometric Series

Find the indicated sum for each geometric series.

S6 for

Step 1: Find the common ratio.

Step 2: Find S6
Real Situation : Sports Application
An online video game tournament begins with 1024
players. Four players play in each game, and in each
game, only the winner advances to the next round. How
many games must be played to determine the winner?

Step 1: Write a sequence.

Let n = the number of rounds,

an = the number of games played in the

nth round, and
Sn = the total number of games played
through n rounds.
Step 2 Find the number of rounds required.

The final round will have 1 game, so

substitute 1 for an.

Isolate the exponential expression by

dividing by 256.

4=n–1 Equate the exponents.

5=n Solve for n.

Step 3: Find the total number of games after 5 rounds.

341 games must be played to determine the winner.

Real Situation : Business/Rental Application

A 6-year lease states that the annual rent for

an office space is ₱84,000 the first year and
will increase by 8% each additional year of the
lease. What will the total rent expense be for
the 6-year lease?

note:
100%+8%=108%
= 1.08
≈
₱616,218.04
 EXIT CARD:
A math tournament begins with 81
students. Students compete in groups
of 3, with 1 person from each trio
going on to the next round until there
is 1 winner. How many matches
must be played in order to complete
the tournament?

40
Number of Matches
for the first round/game = = 27

Number of 1 2 3 4
rounds
Number of
matches 27 9 3 1

Total Number of Matches = 27 + 9 + 3 + 1 = 40

= 27 ()

= 27 () = 40
HOPE TO SEE YOU ALL NEXT TIME!!!