Local anesthetic

Local anesthetic are the drugs which produce an anesthetic

effect to a limited area of the body when applied externally or
injected. They differ from general anesthetic in the respect to
that they do not produce depression of the central nervous
system which leads to unconsciousness. It block the
generation and conduction of nerve impulse at restricted area
of body.
 classification
I. Ester: cocaine ,benzocaine,
butacaine,tetracaine
II. Amides: lignocaine(lidocaine), bupivacaine
III. Alcohol: ethyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol
IV. Miscellaneous: clove oil, phenol
 Contd…
Lignocaine
hydrochloride(lidocaine)
Chemistry:
• It is amino acetamido
derivatives
• Acetamido group is
attached to a dimethyl
benzyl group
• Two methyl group is
attacehed with benzene
ring
 Contd..
Physical properties:
• It is a white crystalline powder
• Very soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol and chloroform
• It is odourless and slightly bitter in taste
Uses:
• Topical anesthetic for mucus membrane
• Use as base in the form of ointment and creams as local
anesthetic
• Treatment of cardiac arrhythmias
• It is used in dental extraction procedure
 Contd…
Benzocaine
Chemistry:
• It is a ester of para
amino benzoic acid
• It consist amino group
at para position
 Contd..
Physical properties:
• It is a white crystalline powder
• Soluble in alcohol, chlorofrom and dil.acid but very slightly
soluble in water
• Odourless and bitter in taste
Uses:
• It is use in endoscopy, bronchoscopy and topical anesthesia
• Use in painful wounds after dental operation
• To contro and relief pain in gastric ulcer
• It is safer than any other local anesthetics
 Contd…
Ethyl chloride
• Chemistry:
• The structure consist
one chloride group and
ethyl group
 Contd…
Physical properties:
• It is clear colourless gas
• Insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents
Uses:
• Use as local anesthetic in minor surgery
• As thickening agents and as binder in paints
• As aerosol spray propellant
• As diagnostic agents in dentistry to know dead teeth
• Mild topical anesthetic by its chilling effects