17. What is the equivalent of 83˚ 29.6’ in time units?

a. 5h 47m 34.8s c. 5h 01m 42.3s

b. 5h 18m 22.7s d. 5h 33m 58.4s

83 ° ’ ’’ 29.6 ° ’ ’’ ÷ 15 = Shift ° ’ ’’ 5h 33m 58s

18. What is the equivalent of 10˚ 48’ in time units?

a. 02m 39s c. 43m 12s
b. 20m 12s d. 50m 12s

10 ° ’ ’’ 48 ° ’ ’’ ÷ 15 = Shift ° ’ ’’ 0h 43m 12s

19. What is the equivalent of 42m 48s in arc units?

a. 21˚ 24’ c. 11˚ 19’
b. 18˚ 16’ d. 10˚ 42’

0 ° ’ ’’ 42 ° ’ ’’ 48 ° ’ ’’ × 15 = Shift ° ’ ’’ 10˚ 42’

 + 2
1 0 1
2 – Time
3 3

4 4

5 5 Standard or Central Meridian

6 Dividing Meridian
6

7 7
+1 0 –1
8 8
9 9
10 10
11 12 11 15° W 0° 15° E

22° 30’ W 7° 30’ W 7° 30’ E 22° 30’ E

+12 +11 +10 +9 +8 +7 +6 +5 +4 +3 +2 +1 0 –1 –2 –3 –4 –5 –6 –7 –8 –9 –10 –11 –12

180° W 180° E
20. The standard meridian for time zone +1 is ________.
a. 15 00’ E b. 07 30’ E c. 15 00’ W d. 07 30’ W

(+) 1 × 15 = 15˚ W

21. The standard meridian for zone description –1 is ________.

a. 15 00’ E b. 07 30’ E c. 15 00’ W d. 07 30’ W

(–) 1 × 15 = 15˚ E

22. The dividing meridian between zone descriptions – 4 and – 5 is ________.

a. 60 00’ E b. 67 30’ E c. 75 00’ W d. 60 00’ W
–4–5 –9
= = – 4.5 × 15 = 67˚ 30’ E
2 2
23. A ship is in Long. 54 00’ W on a true course of 090. The ship’s clocks are
on the proper time zone. At what longitude should the clocks be changed to
maintain the proper time zone?
a. 45 00’ W b. 52 30’ W c. 60 00’ W d. 67 30’ W

ZD = 54 ÷ 15 = 3.6 = 4

+5 +4 +3

75˚ W 60˚ W 45˚ W

54˚ W
Course is 270˚ Course is 090˚

67˚ 30’ W 52˚ 30’ W

24. A ship is in Long. 54 00’W on a true course of 270. The ship’s clocks are
on the proper time zone. At what longitude should the clocks be changed to
maintain the proper time zone?
a. 45 00’ W b. 52 30’ W c. 60 00’ W d. 67 30’ W
 LZT and LMT (GMT Crossing)
LMT
LMT LZT  in time
 in time ZD GMT
GMT GMT ZD
LZT
GMT
180˚ W 180˚ E

(+)
(–)

To Get  in time (Arc to Time) Zone Description (ZD)

139˚ 20’ ÷ 15 = 9.288 9h 17m 20s 9

148˚ 00’ ÷ 15 = 9.866 9h 52m 00s 10
27. You are in Long. 144˚ W. The date is February 6 and the ZT is 0800.
The Greenwich date and time are ________.
a. 2200 Feb. 5 b. 2300 Feb. 5 c. 1700 Feb. 6 d. 1800 Feb. 6
LZT = Feb. 6 08 00
+ ZD = 10
GMT = Feb. 6 18 00

25. Your longitude is 124˚ E and your LMT is 0520 on the 5th of the month.
What is the GMT?
a. 4th 1336 b. 5th 1336 c. 4th 2104 d. 5th 1336
LMT = 5th 05 20 4th 29 20
– E in time = 08 16 – 08 16
GMT = 4th 21 04 4th 21 04

31. The LMT of LAN is 1152. Your longitude is 73 15’ E. What time would you use
to enter the Nautical Almanac to determine the declination of the Sun at LAN?
a. 0652 b. 1852 c. 0659 d. 1859
LMT = 11 52
– E in time = 04 53
GMT = 06 59
26. Your longitude is 124 E and your LMT is 0520 on the 5th of the month.
What is your LZT?
a. 0520 on the 5th c. 2104 on the 4th
b. 1336 on the 5th d. 0504 on the 5th

LMT = 5th 05 20 4th 21 04

– E in time = 08 16 +8
GMT = 4th 21 04 4th 29 04
+ ZD = 8 + 1 – 24 1 day = 24 hours
LZT = 5th 05 04 5th 05 04

34. At DR Lat. 15 27’ S, Long. 116 15’ E, find the local zone time of meridian
transit if the tabulated meridian passage is 11h 47m.
a. 11h 32m b. 12h 02m c. 11h 02m d. 12h 32m
LMT = 11 47
– E in time = 07 45
GMT = 04 02
+ ZD = 8
LZT = 12 02
 0°
Crossing the International Dateline

W E

180° + 1 day
Westward
Eastward – 1 day

29. On July 5, at 1000 ZT you crossed the 180th meridian

steaming westward. What is your local time? July 5 10 00
a. 1000, July 5 c. 2200, July 7 + 1
b. 1000, July 6 d. 1000, July 7 July 6 10 00

30. On July 6, at 1000 ZT you crossed the 180th meridian

steaming eastward. What is your local time? July 6 10 00
a. 1000, July 5 c. 2200, July 7 – 1
b. 1000, July 6 d. 1000, July 7 July 5 10 00
 Equation of Time
Visible Sun
Fictitious Sun Real Sun
Mean Sun True Sun
Apparent Sun
Celestial Equator
Ecliptic

E.O.T.

Equation of Time – difference between Local Apparent Time (LAT) and

Local Mean Time (LMT)
Apparent Time – time that is based on the movement of the Apparent Sun
along the ecliptic.
Mean Time – time that is based on the movement of the Mean Sun along the
celestial equator.
32. The equation of time is 12m 00s and the mean Sun is ahead of the apparent Sun.
If you are on the central meridian of your time zone, the apparent Sun will
cross your meridian at ________.
a. 1148 b. 1200 c. 1212 d. cannot be determined

12 00 12 00
+ E. O. T. + 12
LMT of transit 12 12

33. The equation of time is 12m 00s and the apparent Sun is ahead of the mean Sun.
If you are on the central meridian of your time zone, the apparent Sun will
cross your meridian at ________.
a. 1148 b. 1200 c. 1212 d. cannot be determined

12 00 12 00
– E. O. T. – 12
LMT of transit 11 48
35. At 1210 ZT, March 01, 1999, you departed Seattle, Lat. 47 36’ N, Long.
122 22’W. You are bound for Guam, Lat. 13 27’ N, Long. 144 37’ E. The
distance is 4,948 miles and your speed is 20 knots. What is your estimated
zone time of arrival in Guam?
a. 1734, Mar. 11 c. 0334, Mar. 12
b. 1934, Mar. 11 d. 1334, Mar. 12
Steaming Time = Distance ÷ Speed = 4948 ÷ 20 = 10d 07h 24m
4948 ÷ 20 = 247.4h ÷ 24 = 10.308d – 10 = 0.308d
× 24 = Shift ° ’ ’’ 07h 24m

LZT of Departure = March 01 12 10 March 11 19 34

Steaming Time = + 10 07 24 + 18
March 11 19 34 March 11 37 34
Time Difference = + 18 +1 –24
LZT of Arrival = March 12 13 34 March 12 13 34

+8 GMT – 10
180˚ W 180˚ E
18
36. You are on a voyage from Limoy, Costa Rica (ZD +6) to Los Angeles, Cal.
(ZD + 8). The distance from pilot to pilot is 3,150 miles and your speed of
advance is 14.0 knots. You estimate 24.0 hours for bunkering at Colon and
12.0 hours for the Panama Canal transit. If you depart at 1836, January 28,
what is your ETA at Los Angeles?
a. 1736, Feb. 09 c. 1336, Feb. 08
b. 1736, Feb. 08 d. 0536, Feb. 08
Steaming Time = Distance ÷ Speed = 3150 ÷ 14 = 09d 09h 00m
3150 ÷ 14 = 225h ÷ 24 = 9.375d – 9 = 0.375d × 24 = Shift ° ’ ’’ 9h

January 28 18 36
LZT of Departure = January 28 18 36 + 09 09 00
Steaming Time = + 09 09 00
January 37 27 36
February 07 03 36 +1 –24
Bunkering and Transit = + 01 12 00
January 38 03 36
Time Difference = – 02 –31
LZT of Arrival = February 08 13 36 February 07 03 36

+8 +6 GMT
180° W 180° E
2