POLICE INTELLIGENCE

& SECRET SERVICE

PREPARED
The Great One BY:VV-JAY S. EUSEBIO
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WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?
 educated guess.
 product of a process which

starts from collection of info,

its evaluation, analysis,
integration and interpretation
to arrive at a theory or
conclusion.
 helps a commander with an

actual situation.

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 Intelligence is "the
product resulting from
the collecting and
processing of information
concerning actual and
potential situations and
conditions relating to
domestic and foreign
activities” as defined by
the International
Dictionary of
Intelligence.

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 HOW IS INTELLIGENCE VIEWED?
 As a process
 an activity which treats
information as basis for
departmental policy and
decision-making.
 Intelligence as an organization
an institution composed of
persons who pursue a
special kind of knowledge
for the purpose of planning
the collection of
information, processing and
dissemination of intelligence
relating to military/police
operations.
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ESSENCE OF INTELLIGENCE

A Chinese philosopher, SUN TZU

once said;

 “If you know your enemy and know

yourself, you need not fear the
results of hundred battles.

 If you know yourself but not the

enemy, for every victory, you will
suffer a defeat.

 If you know neither yourself nor the

enemy, you are fool who will meet
defeat in every battle.”
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 IMPORTANCE OF INTELLIGENCE

1. Enable a nation to formulate its policies, strategic

plans and conduct its diplomacy.
2. Forestall the activities of its internal and external
enemies.
3. Detect and apprehend the activities or modus
operandi of criminals and subversive elements.
4. Providing ample security for the people and the
state.
5. Intelligence plays an important role in the life and
survival of a country by proving advance and exact
knowledge or information of the intentions and
design of its enemies.

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 WHAT IS THE
INTELLIGENCE
CYCLE?

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FUNCTIONS OF INTELLIGENCE
COLLECTION
OF
INFORMATIO
N

PROTECTION EVALUATION
OF OF THE
INFORMATIO INFORMATIO
N N

DISSEMINATI
ON OF
INTELLIGENC
E

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BROAD CATEGORIES OF INTELLIGENCE

MILITARY
INTELLIGENCE

NATIONAL
INTELLIGENCE

DEPARTMENTAL
INTELLIGENCE

POLICE
INTELLIGENCE

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 MILITARY INTELLIGENCE
the use of processed information in formulating
military plans, programs and policies, it encompasses
three general categories:

1. Strategic Intelligence – data which deals with the

activities and probable courses of action of foreign
nations.
2. Combat Intelligence – knowledge about weakness
and strength of the enemies which is needed by a
commander in order to prepare for the conduct of
tactical operation.
3. Counter -Intelligence – intelligence data which is
used to deny information to the enemy and provide
security to the unit.
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NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE?

 Integrated intelligence
developed by all
government
departments
 Use to formulate

national policy and the

promotion and
enhancement of
national security.

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DEPARTMENTAL INTELLIGENCE?

 requiresby a
department of
the government
in order to
execute its
mission and
discharge its
responsibilities.

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POLICE INTELLIGENCE

 concerns the
activities of
criminal
elements and
its activities
significant to
police planning
and operation.

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HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF
INTELLIGENCE

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BIBLICAL BEGINNINGS

 Intelligence had existed for so long that the

earliest records of intelligence gathering with
format can be found in the holy bible.
 Bible characters like the prophet Moses, Rahab

and Delilah etc… have somehow contributed to

the significant development of intelligence.

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MOSES
 He sent 12 leaders of Israel to
spy out the land of Canaan
(Numbers 13:17-21).
 Check on the people,
dwelling, the country and the
soil.
 Data gathered by the 12
spies are known today as EEIs.

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RAHAB
 2ND recorded case: Joshua 2: 1- 21.
 Rahab, the harlot of Jericho who became an
instant confederate agent to the Israelites.
 Two agents of Israel were discovered and
pursued by the enemy and hid e at Rahab’s
place.
 Rahab misled the pursuing enemies by giving
them false information.

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DELILAH

 Judges 6: 1-31 tells the story of Samson & Delilah

 Samson, a member of the Israelite army was
gifted with great strength that made him a
formidable enemy of the Philistines and thus a
target of intel ops.
 Delilah used sex to obtain the greatest secret of
Samson.

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 THE CONQUEST ERA
 The creation of an army became a necessary
tool for a kingdom for its protection and the
conquest of other kingdoms that could become
part of an empire.
 Great Leaders were born and became successful

in their war exploits through a better and more

complex intelligence system.

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ALEXANDER THE GREAT

 also known as Alexander III

and Alexander the
Macedonian, was an ancient
Greek king (basileus) of
Macedon (336–323 BC).
 He devised the “first letter
sorting”

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MARCUS LUCINIUS CRASSUS
A millionaire in Rome in the ancient time who
employed slaves and freemen as fire brigade
turned intelligence unit.
 If not looking for fire, they gather evidence

for Crassus used in Court.

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GENGHIS KHAN
 Founder of the Mongolian Empire.
 Win war because of careful planning based on

intel/info supplied by spies.

 His conquest of central Asia was his

remarkable achievement and became a threat

to China, India, Persia, the near east, Russia
and Eastern Europe.

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 FREDERICK THE GREAT OF PRUSSIA
 Father of organized military
espionage.
 First to classify spies in to four

classes. (Common spies, double spies,

spies of consequences and forced
spies)
 Threats and bribes, promises of

promotion and gains were used

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SUN TZU

 Wrote the book, The

Art of War.
 Made emphasis on
knowing self and the
enemy.
 Use of spies will help a
wise general to achieve
great results.

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THE PRE-MODERN TIMES
1. Walsingham of England
2. Joseph Fouche of France
3. Karl Schulmeister
4. George Washington
5. Wilhelm Stieber
6. Alfred Redl

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SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM
 Organized the first “ National Secret Service in
England.
 He protected Queen Elizabeth Elizabeth from

countless assassins.

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JOSEPH FOUCHE
 Most feared and respected intelligence
Director and became Minister of Police in
France.
 Created network of agents and modern

system of spying on spies

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KARL SCHULMEISTER

Napoleon’s military secret service and

Napoleon’s eyes.
Under a cover role, infiltrated the Austrian
General Staff and studied the characters of the
Generals (Marchal Mack – hope of Austria to
defeat Napoleon).

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GEORGE WASHINGTON
 At the outbreak of American war for Independence,
he mobilized the free masons of the colonies, a
secret society , to achieve result in winning the war.
 Little is known about the operations, but George

Washington became as the first President of USA.

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WILHELM STIEBER
 “King of sleuth-hounds”
 Worked as census taker and develop a informal

format to expedite invasion or probed for invaders.

(statistics)
 Major contributions:

military censorship
Organized military propaganda

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ALFRED REDL
 A homosexual, one of the most brilliant agent
whose 13-year work as a spy led to death of over ½
million soldiers.
 Became chief of Austro-Hungarian Secret Service

while working as intelligence agent for Russia.

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 MAJOR INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
1. Philippine National Police
a. Directorate for Intelligence (D2)
b. Staff Officer for intelligence (R2)
c. Police Districts Intelligence
d. Off-shore Anti-Crime Groups
2. Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)
a. J2- GHQ; ISAFP-Operation Arm; and MIG- operatives per
Region
b. Philippine Army Intelligence - G2- GHQ; Intel & Scty. Group -
operating Units; Mil. Intel. Companies (MICOs) - Infantry
Division
c. Naval Intelligence - N2 –GHQ; G2- Philippines Marines Intel;
CG2- Philippine Coast Guard; and F2- Philippine Fleet
d. Air force intelligence - A2-GHQ
3. National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)

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 OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

1. Anti-smuggling Action Center

2. Central Bank of the Philippines
3. Bureau of Customs
4. Bureau of Immigration
5. Department of Justice
6. Department of foreign Affairs
7. Presidential Task Forces

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NOTABLE INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES IN
THE WORLD
1. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA – CIA, FBI, NSA, DIA
2. GREAT BRITAIN - MI-5 AND MI-6
3. ISRAEL – MOSSAD, SHINBET
4. RUSSIA – KGB (FSB)

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 CIA
 CIA was created under the US National Security Act of 1947
(9/18/1947) under the National Security Council with Rear
Admiral Roscoe as first Director.
 principal for intelligence activities and covert operations abroad.
 Its first covert operation, it influenced the general elections in
Italy so as to prevent a Communist victory.
 Despite this success, President Harry S. Truman blamed
Hillenkoetter for failing to predict the coming of the Korean War,
and replaced him with General Walter Bedell Smith in October
1950.
 Under Smith's leadership, the CIA helped bring about the
overthrow of Iran's Premier Mohammed Mossadegh after the
latter nationalized oil fields in his country.

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GREAT BRITAIN

 MI-6 a.k.a. the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS)

 is analogous to CIA
 it ran the famous “Ultra” program during World War II in
which coded German Messages, encrypted by the Germans’
enigma machine, were intercepted, broken and translated,
thereby aiding the Allies on their battlefield.
 MI-5
 equivalent to U.S. FBI.
 Is responsible for counterintelligence activities.

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MOSSAD
 Israel's principal agency for intelligence collection,
counterterrorism, and covert action.
 Institute for Intelligence and Special Tasks, best known as
Mossad, an abbreviation of its Hebrew name, ha-Mossad le-
Modiin ule-Tafkidim Meyuhadim.
 In a tiny country surrounded by foes, the Mossad has been
extremely active ever since its establishment on April 1, 951.
 Its successes include the capture of former Nazi leaders,
most notably Adolf Eichmann, as well as numerous triumphs
of intelligence-gathering that contributed to Israeli victory in
the 1967 Six-Day War.

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 KGB

 Committee for State Security/Komitet

Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti (KGB)
 doubled as secret police force; controlling the

populace within the country and, outside the USSR,

conducting espionage, spreading “disinformation,”
and attempting to destabilize foreign governments.

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 WHAT IS NICA?
 Founded in 1949, it was formerly known as the
National Intelligence and Security Authority (NISA)
and headed by Gen. Fabian Ver.
 Used to track down and eliminate anti-Marcos
opponents
 primary intelligence collection and analysis arm of

the Philippine government in charge in carrying out

overt, covert, and clandestine intelligence
programs.
 Motto: Ang Karunungan ay Kaligtasan (translated

"Knowledge is Security").

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 PRINCIPLES OF INTELLIGENCE
1. Principle of Objectivity
2. Principle of Interdependence
3. Principle of Continuity
4. Principle of Communication
5. Principle of Usefulness
6. Principle of Flexibility
7. Principle of Selection
8. Principle of Timeliness
9. Principle of Security
10. The Principle of Foresight

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Chapter Quiz
December 18, 2017

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Part 1: Discussion
1. With the aide of a diagram, discuss the
intelligence cycle. (20 points)
2. How does intelligence information affect
the overall operation of the department.
(10 points)

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Part II: Identification
1. KGB means?
2. NISA means?
3. CIA means?
4. Considered as the Father of organized
military espionage.
5. He Organized the first “ National Secret
Service in England.
6. He Wrote the book, The Art of War.
7. What particular law created the NICA
8. What particular law created the NISA

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9. The intelligence data which is used to deny
information to the enemy and provide security to
the unit.
10-13 Types spies according to Frederick the great.
14. R2
15. G2

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POLICE INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS

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POLICE INTELLIGENCE
 end product resulting from the collection,
evaluation and interpretation of all available
information
 concerns one or more aspects of police operations

and which is potentially significant to police

planning and operations.

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 Main Objectives of Police Intelligence

1. To detect criminal activities.

2. To discover the identities of person/s who
frequently visits an establishment and to
determine their relationship.
3. To discover the habits of a person who lives
in or frequents the place.
4. To obtain evidence of a crime or to prevent
the commission of a crime.
5. Basis for warrant of arrest or search warrant
6. To apprehend persons in the commission of
an offense.
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 GENERAL ACTIVITIES IN POLICE INTELIGENCE

1. Strategic Intelligence – intelligence

information which primarily long range in
nature with little practical operation value.
2. Line Intelligence – intelligence information
which is of an immediate nature and
necessary for more effective police planning
and operation.
3. National Intelligence – the integrated product
of intelligence developed by all the
governmental branches, departments
concerning the broad aspect of national
security and policy. The Great One
4. Counter-Intelligence – devoted in destroying
the effectiveness of hostile foreign activities
and to the protection of info against
espionage, subversion and sabotage.

5. Undercover Work – It is an investigative

process in which disguises and pretext cover
and deception to gain the confidence of
criminal suspects for the purpose of
determining the nature and extent of any
criminal activities that maybe contemplating or
perpetuating.

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 FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF POLICE INTELLIGENCE

1. Criminal Intelligence – any knowledge

essential to the prevention of crimes and the
investigation, arrest, and prosecution of
criminal offenders.
2. Internal Security Intelligence – any
knowledge essential to the maintenance of
peace and order.
3. Public Safety Intelligence – It refers to any
knowledge essential to ensure the protection
of lives and properties
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 INTELLIGENCE THEORY - (Sources of Police Intelligence)

1. INFORMATION
 Raw data or unevaluated material of every

description derived from observation,

communication, reports, rumors, imagination,
and other sources from which intelligence is
produced.
 Any knowledge, data, news, opinions, or the like

transmitted from a person to another; and/or

 Any communicated knowledge by others

obtaining by personal study, investigation,

research, analysis, observation.
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2. INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION
 Any information gathered or received which is of
intelligence interest.

3. END PRODUCTS (Knowledge)

 Results after evaluation, analysis, interpretation

and integration of raw material.

4. ACTIVITY
 The product of that knowledge after collection,

processing, dissemination and use.

5. ORGANIZATION
 The intelligence personnel or the intelligence unit

(the unit itself).

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6. KNOWLEDGE (synonymous to intelligence)
A. information in mind: general awareness or
possession of information, facts, ideas, truths,
or principles
B. specific information: clear awareness or
explicit information, for example, of a
situation or fact
C. all that can be known: all the information,
facts, truths, and principles learned
throughout time
D. learning through experience or study:
familiarity or understanding gained through
experience or study

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7. SOURCE
 where the information is obtained. This can

be from: an informant; a syndicate; an

intelligence broker; double agent; and/or
another police agency that has the needed
information on file.

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 Classification of Source

1. OPEN SOURCES

 are those that are obtained without resorting to

special effort or clandestine operation.
 The information may be obtained from news

files, libraries, magazines, books, or non-

classified files in certain public or private offices.
99% of the information collected is coming from
open sources.
 This can be from: Enemy activity; POW; Civilians;

Captured Documents; Map; Weather forecast;

studies, researches, reports, etc.; Agencies;
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2. CLOSE SOURCES

 Are those are not obtainable openly.

 They can be located inside a building, safe or

vaults. 1% of all information is from close

sources.
 This can be from: Surveillance; Casing;

Elicitation; Surreptitious entry; Employment of

technical means (bugging and tapping);
Tactical interrogation; Observation and
description.

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3. OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION

 Routine patrol; Criminal investigation; Use of

informants; Interrogations; Search and
seizures; Cordon and scratch; Checkpoints;
Police public relations activities; Coordination
with law enforcement agencies; Inmates of
various jails, military stockades and other
penal colonies; and Statistics

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Purposes of Police Intelligence

1. Arrest criminals and provide evidence.

2. Identify criminal and subversive elements as
well as their associates.
3. Check the conditions of the community.
4. Check on the security condition of the
organization and community.
5. Check on the effectiveness of the operation
of the police organization.
6. A tool for police management.

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 FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATIONS
OF POLICE INTELLIGENCE

1. Criminal Intelligence (CRIMINT) – production of

intelligence essential to the prevention of crimes,
and the investigation, arrest and prosecution of
criminal offenders.
2. Internal Security Intelligence (INSIT) – knowledge
essential to the maintenance of peace and order.
3. Public Safety Intelligence (PUSINT) – knowledge
essential to ensuring the protection of lives and
properties.

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 TYPES OF POLICE INTEL OPS

1. Police Line or Tactical Intelligence – contributes

directly to the accomplishment of specific objectives
of immediate concern such as raids, arrest, etc.
2. Police Counter-Intelligence – formulation,
preparation and execution of plans, policies and
programs geared towards the neutralization of
activities adverse to the police organization.
3. Police Strategic Intelligence – deals with the wide and
far reaching issues of law and order, internal security,
crime suppression and prevention, and public safety
necessary in the formulation, preparation and
execution of long range plans, policies and
programs.
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NATURE OF POLICE INTEL OPS
 Overt Operations
no precautionary measures to hide the
investigation against the subject.
From open sources like magazines, libraries,
newspapers, radio broadcasts, internet, books,
investigations, research papers etc..

 Covert Operations
 without the knowledge of the subject.
 Kept secret from the public an even from other
members of the intelligence community

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THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE

Collection
Planning &
of
Direction
Information

Processin
Dissemination
g

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FOUR PHASES OF THE
INTELLIGENCE CYCLE

1. Planning & Direction – involves determination of intelligence

requirements, priorities, selection of intelligence agency and
means of supervision.

2. Collection of Information – involves the systematic exploitation of

sources of information by collection agency and the delivery of
information to proper intelligence unit.

3. Processing – the phase where information becomes intelligence. It

involves recording, evaluation and interpretation of information.

4. Dissemination – the timely conveyance of information by any

suitable means to those who needs it.

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PHASE 1- PLANNING & DIRECTION
1. Determination of Intelligence Requirements.
a. Executive
b. ContributoryAccording to use
c. Operational
d. Collateral

a. Basic
That’s a lot
b. Current According to type to think
c. Estimative about!

Intelligence

2. Determination of the Essential Elements of information

(EEI).

3. Establishment of Priorities (P.I.R’s)

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 What to consider in collection planning?
 
a. Personality – persons involved
 suspects, social status, etc.

b. Organization – Command committing the crime

 Kuratong Baleleng, Pentagon, etc.

c. Resources/Equipment – used in committing the

crime i.e.,
 firearms, transportation facilities, etc.

d. Activity - modus operandi/crime activities

 time of attack, victims, place of attack, etc.
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Link Diagram
 

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 PHASE 2 - COLLECTION
1. Criteria of Collecting Agencies/Units
 Capability, Balance/suitability and Multiplicity

2. Two Basic Collection Strategies:

 Resource Integration - one agent
 Agent Mixed Redundancy - 3 or more agents
assessing for the same assignment

3. Who are Task to Collect Information?

 Intelligence officers/agents-regular members
 Civilian Agents-informers and informants

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 TRADE CRAFTS USED IN THE COLLECTION

SURVEILLANCE

ELICITATION

INTERVIEW/INTERROGATION

PERSONNEL SECURITY INVESTIGATION

TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT-TAPPING AND BUGGING

PHOTOGRAPHY

USE OF AN ARTIST

SURREPTITIOUS ENTRY

COMMUNICATION

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PHASE 3 - PROCESSING
1. Recording – reduction into writing or graphical
representation and arrange into groups of related items.
2. Evaluation -determination of the pertinence, reliability of
the source and accuracy of the information; or examination
of raw information to determine intelligence value.
3. Interpretation – establishing the meaning and significance
of the information. It involves analysis, integration and
deduction.
a. Analysis -done by shifting and isolating those elements
that have significance
b. Integration - it is the combination of the elements stated
in assessment
c. Deduction – conclusions from the theory developed,
tested and considered valid;

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 THE EVALUATION GUIDE

 
RELIABILITY OF ACCURACY OF
INFORMATION INFORMATION
   
1 - Confirmed by
A - Completely reliable
other sources
B - Usually reliable
2 - Probably true
C - Fairly reliable 3 - Possibly true
D - Not usually reliable 4 - Doubtfully
E - Unreliable true
F - Reliability cannot be 5 - Improbable
judged 6 - Truth cannot
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 SOURCES OF INFORMATION
 
T - Direct observation by the Commander and chief
of a unit
U - Reports by penetration agent or resident agent
V - Report by PNP/AFP troops involved in encounter
W - Interrogation of capture enemy agent/foreigner
X - Observation of government and civilian employee
or official
Y - Observation by a member of the populace
Z - Documentary

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PHASE 4 - DISSEMINATION & USE

1. Timeliness – reach the user on time to be useful.

2. Propriety – right user like national leaders or
commanders
3. Security – proper security measures for classified
matters.
Methods of Dissemination:
 Fragmentary orders from top to bottom of the command.
 Memorandum, circulars, special orders, etc.
 Operations order, oral or written.
 Conference – staff members.
 Other report and intelligence documents.
 Personal contact.

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WHAT IS SURVEILLANCE?
 A form of clandestine investigation
which consist of keeping persons, place
or other targets under physical
observation to obtain information
pertinent to the investigation.
 Oldest and easily used by the police.

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TERMINOLOGY USED IN
SURVEILLANCE
 Pre-surveillance Conference - conference held surveillance
 Stake out - fixed point observation.
 Tailing or Shadowing - observation of a person’s movement.
 Undercover Man - person trained to penetrate organization.
 Liaison Program - assignment to other agencies like the press, credit
agencies, labor unions, telephone companies, etc.)
 Safe House - It is a place, building, enclosed mobile, or an apartment,
where police undercover men meet his action agent for debriefing or
reporting purposes.
 Drop - a convenient, secure, and unsuspecting place where a police asset
and handler leaves a note
 Convoy - accomplice or associate of the subject.
 Decoy. person almost similar to the subject used to avoid or elude
surveillance.
 Contact - person or subject picks or deals with while he is under
surveillance.
 Made – subject becomes aware that he is underThe observation
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TYPES OF SURVEILLANCE
1. According to Intensity and Sensitivity

a. Discreet – subject is unaware that he/she is under

observation
b. Close – subject is aware that he/she is under
observation. Used to protect the subject or stop him
to commit crime.
c. Loose – applied frequently or infrequently. Period of
observation may vary on each occasion

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TYPES OF SURVEILLANCE
2. According to Methods

a. Stationary – observation of place on a fixed point

position.
b. Moving – subject is followed from place to place.
(Foot, motorized, aerial and water)
c. Technical – uses communication and electronic
hardware, gadgets, systems and equipment.

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METHODS IN
FOOT SURVEILLANCE
1. ONE MAN-SHADOW
 Most difficult
2. LEAPFROG
 Variation of one man method wherein the route
is known. Follow the subject for a while, cease
from tailing and follow again where the subject
usually passes.
3. GROUP
 Two-man, Three-man, Four-man or more.
Contact is constant.

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APPEARANCE OF THE OPERATIVE

1. Average size, built and general appearance

2. Have no noticeable peculiarities
3. No conspicuous jewelry or clothing
4. Have nothing about him to attract attention
5. Have perseverance and able to wait for hours
6. Alert and full of energy
7. Resourceful, versatile and quick-witted
8. Good actor and talker
9. Good memory

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BASIC PREPARATION
1. Subject – name, address, description, known associates,
habits vices, ability to elude surveillance.
2. Geographical location – maps, national and religious
backgrounds, transportation, public utilities, etc.
3. Cover Story
4. Vehicle used – description make model, color and plate
number.

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 WHAT IS IDENTIFICATION?
 The identification and surveillance of individuals involved
in organized crime and subversive activities consumes a
considerable part of the police operational intelligence
field activities.
 This also involves gathering information pertaining to the
various organizations that pose threat to the community
to include their locations vehicles, telephone numbers
and the like.

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 WHAT IS CASING?
 Reconnaissance or surveillance of a building,
place or area to determine its suitability for
intelligence use or its vulnerability in operations.

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PURPOSE OF CASING

1. Aids planning and operation

2. Instill confidence to operatives
3. Considered as a security measures

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GENERAL PRINCIPLES IN CASING
1. Know the best route to get there.
2. Know how to conduct yourself without attracting
attention.
3. Know what security hazards are in the area and how
they can be avoided or minimized.
4. Know the best route how to extricate the area.

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METHODS OF CASING
1. Personal Reconnaissance
2. Map Reconnaissance
3. Research
4. Prior Information
5. Hearsay

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INFORMATION DESIRED IN CASING
1. Area Condition - description of the locality
2. Active Opposition – organizations whose task is to
prevent intelligence activity in the area.
3. Disposal plan- disposal of info in case of possible
compromise.
4. Escape and Evasion – the exist planning in case of
emergencies, from immediate focal point, the
general area and completely from the area.

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WHAT IS A LIAISON PROGRAM?
 the assignment of trained operatives to specific
targets with coordination to any agency such as credit
agencies, utility companies, police agencies of all
types, the press labor unions and telephone
companies.

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OBSERVATION & DESCRIPTION
(ODEX)
 Observation
a complete and accurate observation that involves the use
of all the major senses to register and recognize its
operational or intelligence significance.

 Description
the actual and factual reporting of one’s observation of the
reported sensory experience recounted by another.

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PROCESS FOR
ACCURATE OBSERVATION
1. Attention – becoming aware of an existence of fact.
2. Perception – understanding the fact of awareness.

3. Recording – identifying the name in own mind and

some fact which have been perceived.

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WHAT IS ELICITATION?
 It is a system or plan whereby information of
intelligence value is obtained through the process
of direct intercommunication in which one or more
parties is/are unaware of the specific purpose of
the conversation.

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DEVICES USED IN ELICITATION

1. Approach- process of
setting people to start
talking
2. Probe – keeping people
to talk incessantly.

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Types of Approach

1. Flattery – people are susceptible to praise.

Variants:
a. Teacher-pupil- subject is treated as an
authority.
b. Kindred-soul- showing enough concern to the
subject.
c. Good-Samaritan- offers help and assistance to
the subject.
d. Partial-disagreement

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Types of Approach

2. Provocative Approach- use conventional gambits.

Variants:
a. Teaser-bait- elicitor accumulates knowledge of
the subject.
b. Manhattan-Missouri – elicitor adopts
unbelievable attitude above anything.
c. Joe-blow- approachable to any field.
d. National Pride – natural propensity to defend
country.

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Types of Probe

1. Competition Probe
2. Clarity probe- elicit additional info
3. His-pressure – serves to pin down a subject in a
specific area or used to point out contradiction to
what the subject said.
4. Hypothetical – presents a hypothetical situation
and get the subject reactions.

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Planning the Elicitation

1. What information is necessary or essential.

2. Who has access to the information
3. What are the vulnerabilities
4. How susceptible is the subject to the elicitation
5. Outline elicitation points prior to meeting and
prepare specific questions and know the subject
well.

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COVER & UNDERCOVER
OPERATION
 Cover – means by which an individual, group or
organization conceals the true nature of its
activities and existence from the observer.
 Cover story – a biographical account, true or
fictitious, which portray the personality which an
agent assumed.
 Cover support – an agent assigned in target areas
with the primary mission of supporting the cover
story.

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Importance of Cover

1. Secrecy of operation against enemy intelligence

2. Secrecy of operation against friendly agencies who
do not have the need to know
3. Successful accomplishment of mission.

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Types of Cover

1. Natural Cover – using true or actual personal

background to fit the purpose.
2. Artificial Cover – using biographical data adopted
for a fictitious purpose
3. Cover within a cover – use of secondary to justify
existence
4. Multiple cover – any cover identity wished.

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Guidelines when
cover is compromised

1. Move out immediately and relocate.

2. Start new facility for operations and develop it.
3. Use new personnel.
4. Build entirely new cover.
5. Be careful when making contacts with non-
intelligence personnel.
6. Use circuitous route and provide careful counter-
surveillance.

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WHAT IS UNDERCOVER ASSIGNMENT?
 an investigative technique
in which an agent conceals
his official identity in order
to obtain information from
the target organization.

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Planning an Undercover Assignment

1. Determine level on which investigation is

intended.
2. Develop appropriate cover and cover story.
3. Selection of qualified personnel
4. Consideration of all operational details to include
documentation, contract reporting, housing and
convergence.
5. Briefing, coaching and rehearsals.

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Types of Undercover Assignment

1.Dwelling Assignment– establish residence in or

near the target area.
2. Work Assignment – observation at the place of
work.
3. Social Assignment – places of entertainment and
amusement frequented by targets.
4. Multiple Assignments – two or more assignments
covered simultaneously.
5. Rope Job – strike friendship with the subject.

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The essence of undercover
assignment

 The essence of intelligence is access,

 someone or some device has to get close enough to a thing,
a place or person to be observe or the desired facts,
 without arousing the attention of those who protect them.
 The information must then be delivered to the people who
want it.
 It must move quickly or it may get stale. It must not get lost
or integrated in route.”

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TACTICAL INTERROGATION
 Interrogation – the vigorous and confrontational
questioning of a suspect about his participation in
a crime.

Purposes:
1. To extract confession or admission.
2. To extract information an unwilling witness possesses.

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Techniques of Interrogation

1. Emotional appeal – addresses a suspect with an emotional appeal to confess.

2. Sympathetic approach – dig deep into past troubles, plight and unfortunate
events in the life of the suspect.
3. Friendliness
4. Mutt & Jeff – 2 agents with opposite personality
5. Tricks and Bluffs
a. The pretense of solid evidence against the accused\
b. The weakest link – companion had confesses
c. Drama – used to fake pain and agony
d. Feigning contact with the family
e. The line up – witness is guided to point positively to suspect
f. Reverse Line up – suspect is placed among other persons in a line up
and will be identified by several witness/complainants

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CLIPPING SERVICES
 Clipping articles from newspapers in accordance with
an existing format is an important method of
gathering intelligence data.
 The communication network of modern newspapers

makes an excellent source of highly valuable material.

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INFORMANT MANAGEMENT

 It is an exception to the rule when the ability of an

investigator exceeds the quality and quantity of sources of
information he possesses.
 Rarely, if ever, has there been an investigator of any
proficiency that did not possess many and varied sources of
information. Informant recruitment and development ranks
very high in mandatory achievements of an intelligence
officer. Failure in this area will usually restrict the individual
officer to the ranks of mediocrity.

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Classification of Clandestine Agents

1. Principal Agent
2. Action Agent
3. Support Agent

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Who is a Principal Agent?
A managerial agent and the leader of an agent
network.
 Recruited agent who is authorized by the

clandestine organization to recruit and handle sub-

agents under the direction and control of an agent
handler.

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Who is an Action Agent?
 The doer of the clandestine task
 May be further classified according to
the task he is assigned

Covert Action Agent - is a fully recruited agent who is

in a senior position usually within a government and
able to exert influence on a foreign government at the
direction of a sponsor. He is an agent usually of
political influence.

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 Types of Action Agent
1. Counter Intelligence/Intelligence Collection Agent - Obtains information
about one or more opposition targets
2. Access Agent - gather operationally useful information such as biographies,
motivational, personality, occupational on possible target individuals from
within the opposition
3. Legal Traveler - an agent who is able to travel to and from a hostile area to
perform information and collection mission.
4. Penetration Agent - is a counter intelligence agent who provides intelligence
information to the agent handler on internal operations, directions and
activities of the opposition intelligence and security services Propagandist -
undertakes action to mold the attitudes, opinions and action of an
individual, group or nation.
5. Saboteur - undertakes positive action against friendly power resulting in the
loss of use, temporary or permanent, of an article, material and facility
6. Guerilla -is a member of a paramilitary group organized to harass the enemy
in a war situation.
7. Strong Arm -provide special protection during the dangerous phases of
clandestine operations
8. Provocation - induces an opposition to act to his own detriment by
discrediting himself.

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 Who is a Support Agent?

isan agent who engages in activities that

support the clandestine operations. These
types of agents perform all types of
auxiliary services at the direction of the
project officer.

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 KINDS OF SUPPORT AGENT:
1. Surveillant - observes personnel and places of operational
interest
2. Investigator - procures information on persons of things of
operational interest.
3. Procurers of Funds - obtain special currency that are needed
in operational use.
4. Procurers of Supplies - procures ordinary and critical supplies
4. Safehouse Keeper - manages and maintains a safehouse for
operational use.
5. Manager of storage area - arranges the storages, distribution
or transportation of operational supplies.
6. Communication Agent -facilitates communication equipment

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Sources of Information
 Arepersons, things or actions from which
information about criminals and/or subversives,
weather and terrain is derived.

TYPES OF SOURCES OF INFO

1. Records
2. Persons

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Persons as sources
of information
 Informants – people selected as sources of information
which could be voluntary or in consideration of price or
reward.
1. Informant – gives info voluntary without any
consideration
2. Informer – give info for price or reward.

 Informant net – controlled group of people who together

under the direction of agent handler.

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Purposes of Informants
 Gain access to areas and targets
inaccessible to intelligence.
 Provide anonymity to
investigations and operations.
 Increase the scope of area of
operation and target coverage

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