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QUARTER I
MUSIC
PRAYER
 Overview
Q1: Music of the 20th Century
Q2: Afro-Latin American and
Popular Music
Q3: Contemporary Philippine
Music
Q4: 20th and 21st Multimedia
Forms
 Review
Musical Styles of the 20th Century

1. Impressionism 5. Avant-Garde Music

2. Expressionism 6. Modern Nationalism

3. Primitivism 7. Electronic Music

4. Neo-Classicism 8. Chance Music
1. Impressionism
- Made use of the whole-tone scale.
- Applied suggested rather than
depicted reality .
- Created a mood rather than a
definite picture.
- Had a translucent and hazy
texture; lacking a dominant-tonic
relationship.
Proponents:

1. Claude Debussy
1862-1918

2. Maurice Ravel
1875-1937
 Claude Debussy
1862-1918
-The primary exponent of the
impressionist movement and
the focal point for other
impressionist composers.
-Was born in St. Germain-en-Laye in France on
August 22, 1862.
-He changed the course of musical development
by evolving traditional rules and conventions.
 Claude Debussy
1862-1918
-more or less 227 – orchestral
music, chamber music, piano
music, operas, ballets, songs,
and other vocal music.
- “Father of the Modern School of
Composition”
-Died in cancer in Paris on March 25,
1918
 Claude Debussy
1862-1918
-L’ Enfant Prodigue (The
Prodigal Son) – winning
piece
-Ariettes Oubliees
-Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun
-String Quartet
 Claude Debussy
1862-1918

-Pelleas et Melisande (1895)

-La Mer (1905)

-Images, Suite Bergamasque, and
Estampes
-Claire de Lune (Moonlight)
 Maurice Ravel
1875-1937
-Born in Ciboure, France.

-Studied with Gabriel Faure at 14

in Paris Conservatory
-Uniquely innovative style but not atonal style of
harmonic treatment
-Demands technical virtuosity from the
performer
 Maurice Ravel
1875-1937
-Pavane for a Dead Princess
(1899)
-Jeux d’ Eau or Water Fountains
(1901)
-String Quartet (1903)
-Sonatine for Piano (c. 1904)
-Miroirs (Mirrors) (1905)
 Maurice Ravel
1875-1937
-Gaspard de la Nuit (1908)
-Valses Nobles et Sentimentales
(1911)
-Le Tombeau de Couperin (c. 1917)

-Rhapsodie Espognole (1907-1908)

-Bolero (1875-1937)
 Maurice Ravel
1875-1937
-Daphnis et Chloe (1912)
-La Valse (1920)
-Tzigane (1922)
-Two piano concerti (1929)
Total works: 60 pieces for piano, chamber music,
song cycles, ballet, and opera.
Died in Paris in 1937
2. Expressionism
- Revealed the composer’s mind,
instead of presenting an impression
of the environment.
- Used atonality and the twelve-tone
scale, lacking stable and
conventional harmonies.
- Served as a medium for expressing
strong emotions such as anxiety,
rage, and alienation.
Proponents:

1. Arnold Schoenberg
1874-1951

2. Igor Stravinsky
1882-1971
Arnold Schoenberg
1874-1951
-Born in a working-class
suburb of Vienna, Austria on
September 13, 1874
-Credited with the development of the twelve-
tone system.
-His music gradually turned to the dissonant and
atonal by exploring chromatic harmonies.
-His music is extremely complex, creating heavy
demands on the listener.
Arnold Schoenberg
1874-1951
- Verklarte Nacht, Three Pieces
for Piano, op. 11
-Pierrot Lunaire
-Gurreleider
-Verklarte Nacht (Transfigured Night, 1899)
-Total works: 213 musical compositions include
concerti, orchestral music, piano music, operas,
choral music, songs, and other instrumental
music
 Igor Stravinsky
1882-1971
-Born in Oranienbaum (now
Lomonosov), Russia on June
17, 1882
-He added new ingredient to his nationalistic
musical style.
-He adapted the 18th century music forms with
his contemporary style of writing.
-Total works: 127
-Died in New York on April 6, 1971
 Igor Stravinsky
1882-1971
-The Firebird Suite (1910) –
first successful masterpiece
-Petrouchka (1911)

-The Rite of Spring (1913)

-The Rake’s Progress (1951)

3. Primitivism
- A tonal music thru the asserting of
one note as more important than
the others.
- Synthesizing new sounds from old
ones by juxtaposing two simple
events to create a more complex
new event.
Proponent:

1. Bela Bartok
1881-1945
 Bela Bartok
1881-1945
-Born in Nagyszentmiklos,
Hungary (now Romania) on
March 25, 1881
-He uses Hungarian folk themes and rhythms
-Utilizes changing meters and strong
syncopations
-Total works: 700 musical compositions
-Died in New York on September 26, 1945
 Bela Bartok
1881-1945
-Kossuth (1903) – first
nationalistic poem
-Six String Quartets (1908-1938)

-Concerto for Orchestra (1943)

-Allegro Barbaro (1911)

-Mikrokosmos (1926-1939)
4. Neo-Classicism
- A partial return to a classical form
of writing music with carefully
modulated dissonances.
- It made use of a freer seven-note
diatonic scale.
Proponents:

1. Sergei Prokofieff
1891-1953

2. Francis Poulenc
1899-1963
 Sergei Prokofieff
1891-1953
-Born in Ukraine in 1891
-Regarded today as a combination of
neo-classicist, nationalist, and avant-
garde composer.
-Uses progressive technique, pulsating rhythms,
melodic directness, and a resolving dissonance.

-Died in Moscow on March 15, 1953

 Sergei Prokofieff
1891-1953

-ballet of Romeo and Juliet

-opera of War and Peace

-Peter and the Wolf

-Symphony no. 1 (Classical Symphony)
Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc
1899-1963
-a successful composer for
piano, voice, and choral
music
-a member of Les Six in France
-Total works: 185
-Died in Paris on January 30, 1963
Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc
1899-1963
-Concert Champetre (1928)
-Concerto for Two Pianos
(1932)
-Concerto for Solo Piano (1949)
-Les Mamelles de Tiresias (1944)
-La Voix Humane (1958
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