1.

Similarities:
F1-The structure of tracheal system and trachea branches
into small tubes
E1-increase the total surface area of tracheole/alveolus so
that increase the efficiency of gases exchange
F2-moist surface on tracheole and alveolus
E2-Oxygen and carbon dioxide can be dissolve easily
F3-Very thin wall of tracheole and alveolus/one cell thick
E3-To ensure the simple diffusion can take place /Increase
rate of diffusion of respiratory gaseous
 Insects Aspect Human
F4-Consists of spiracles, trachea and tracheoles Respiratory structure Consists of nose trachea, bronchus, bronchioles ad
alveolus

E4-Air enters through spiracles into tracheoles   Air enter through nose into lungs/alveolus

F5-Tracheoles directly contact with the muscle cells   Alveolus is surrounded by a large network of blood
capillaries

F6-Trachea is reinforced/ supported with ring of   Trachea is reinforced/ supported with ring of
chitin cartilage
 
E6-Prevent the trachea form collapsing due to   P5-Prevent the trachea form collapsing
different air pressure

F7-Does not have red blood cell to transport Oxygen transportation Has red blood cells to transport oxygen through
oxygen blood vessels

E7-Oxygen is not transported in the body   Oxygen is transported by red blood cells around the
body
F8-Oxygen diffuses directly form the respiratory The diffusion of oxygen into the cells Oxygen needed to be transported into the cells and
tructure into the cells then diffuses into the cells

E8-Carbon dioxide is directly released form the Product of respiration Carbon dioxide produced diffuses into the blood
cells into tracheoles capillary then transported into the lungs
 Aspect Marking scheme Marks
Diagram 7 (ii) (a)) F1-At rest, the respiratory rate is normal /12-20 breaths per minute 1
shows a boy P1-The partial pressure of O2and CO2 are normal 1
watching television
(Relaxing)
Diagram m 7 (ii(b)) F2-When a person is in fear, breathing rate increase 1
shows a man is P2-It’s needed because the demand of a higher respiration rate in cells 1
chased by a fierce
P3-In order to oxidize more glucose 1
dog
P4-To produce more energy 1
(In fear)
P5-(then), rapid muscles contraction (as a responded to the dangerous situation 1
/running)

Diagram 7 (ii(c)) F3-( in mountain climbing) as the altitude increase, the atmospheric pressure of 1
shows a man decrease
climbing a P6-Thus, partial pressure of O2becomes lower 1
mountain
P7-Causes a drop in the oxygen level in blood 1
(At high altitude)
P8-(the person will face difficulty in breathing 1
P9-So, the person will experience headache/nausea/dizziness 1
No Marking scheme Marks
(a)
Like animals, plants also respire aerobically to obtain energy for metabolism . They derive
most their energy from cellular respiration .during cellular respiration, the plants cells take
in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
Based on the above statement, describe the intake of oxygen by the plants for respiration
S1-The intake occurs by diffusion mainly through stomata and lenticels 1
S2-Stomata can be found in epidermis of leaves. the stem of herbaceous plants 1
S3-Lenticels can be found on the stems and root of plants 1
Explanation
P1-When stomata open, they connect the air space (within the leave) to atmosphere 1
P2-Oxygen form the atmosphere diffuses into the air spaces
1
P3-then dissolves in the film of water around the mesophyll cells
1
P4-So the concentration of oxygen in the cells becomes lower than in the air spaces
1
P5-Thus, oxygen diffuse continuously form air space to the cell
1
P6-During daytime, carbon dioxide that is produced during respiration is used in
photosynthesis
P7-The excess carbon dioxide diffuses into the air spaces and then through stomata into 1
atmosphere