CIVIL ENGINEERING TOOLS AND

EQUIPMENT OR MACHINERY
GROUP NO # 5

CONTENTS
EARTH REMOVING TOOLS
EQUIPMENTS
[1] EXCAVATOR [1] BRICK HAMMER
[2] GRADER [2] MASONARY SQUARE
[3] BACKHOE [3] MASONARY TROWEL
[4] BULLDOZER [4] LINE LEVEL
[5] HOE
[5] TRENCHER
[6] LINE AND PINS
[6] SCRAPER [7] PICK AXE
[7] ROAD [8] PLUMB BOB
HEADER [9] WIER BRUSH
[10] CHISEL
PROCESSING EQUIPMENTS [11] WOODEN FLOAT
[12] SPADE
[1] CONCRETE MIXER [13] WHEEL BARROW
[2] SELF LOADING CONCRETE [14] TILE CUTTER
MIXER [15] CIRCULAR SAW
[3] CONCRETE TRUCK [16] CROW BAR
TRANSPORTER [17] DRILLING
[4] CONCRETE STATIONARY PUMP MACHINE
[5] CONCRETE MOBILE PUMP [18] HAND SAW
[19] HAMMER
[6] TRUCK MIXER CONCRETE PUMP
[7] PLATE COMPACTOR CIVIL ENGINEERING
[20] JACK SAW PRACTICE
[8] JUMPING JACK COMPACTOR
[9] ROAD ROLLER
[10] ROAD PAVER • ENGR MUDASSAR ABBAS
[11] PILE BORING MACHINE
• MUHAMMAD ALEEM NAWAZ
MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
• MUSTEHSAN SARFARAZ
[1] CRANE • ASHHAD SOHRAB
[2] CONVEYOR
[3] HOIST • RAZA QURESHI
[4] FORKLIFT • TALHA ASIF
[5] DUMPER
• NOUMAN

• NFC IET MULTAN

• CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPT(2K20 -2K24)
 EARTH REMOVING
EQUIPMENTS
Earthmoving equipment is heavy equipment, typically heavy-duty vehicles
designed for construction operations which involve earthworks. They are
used to move large amounts of earth, to dig foundations for landscaping and
so on. Earth Moving Equipments are discussed below with there Uses.
 EXCAVATOR
An excavator is a construction vehicle used to excavate or move large
objects. An Excavator is basically made up of 2 parts: a driving base
associated a powerful boom arm with an attachment designed for
excavating. The operator sits within a small cab connected to the base
and controls the arm. The excavator uses a Hydraulic system to
generate a Hydraulic force to control the mechanical arm of the
machine. It also uses a chain wheel system for it’s movement.

THE EXCAVATOR PROBABLY IS THE MOST COMMONLY USED MACHINE

IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY. THE FOLLOWING ARE THE USES OF
AN EXCAVATOR.

• DIGGING OF TRENCHES , HOLES , FOUNDATIONS

• DEMOLI TION
• MATERIAL HANDLI NG
• GENERAL GRADING/LANDS CAP ING
• BRUSH CUTTING WITH HYDRAULIC ATTACHMENTS
• F ORESTRY WORK
• LIFTING AND P LACING OF PIP ES
• MINING, ESP ECIALLY, BUT NOT ONLY OP EN-PI T MINING
• RIVER DREDGING
 GRADER
GRADER IS A CONSTRUCTION MACHINE WITH A LONG BLADE
USED TO CREATE A FLAT SURFACE. IT IS COMMONLY CALLED
IN NAMES SUCH AS ROAD GRADER, A BLADE, A MAINTAINER
AND MOTOR GRADER. GRADERS ARE MOSTLY BEEN USED IN
ROAD CONSTRUCTION FOR CONSTRUCTION AND
MAINTENANCE OF DIRT ROADS AND GRAVEL ROADS. THE
GRADER TYPICALLY CONSIST OF THREE AXLES, WITH THE
ENGINE AND CAB SITUATED TOP, THE REAR AXLES AT ONE
END OF THE VEHICLE AND A THIRD AXLE AT THE FRONT END
OF THE VEHICLE, WITH THE BLADE IN BETWEEN.

IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PAVED ROADS THEY ARE USED TO

PREPARE THE BASE COURSE TO CREATE A WIDE FLAT
SURFACE FOR THE ASPHALT TO BE PLACED ON.
 BULLDOZER

A BULLDOZER IS A CRAWLER (CONT INUOUS T RACKED

TRACTOR) WITH A SUBSTANTIAL METAL PLATE USED
(KNOWN AS BLADE) FITTED TO PUSH LARGE
AMOUNTS OF SOIL, SAND, DIRT OR OTHER
MATERIALS WHEN CONST RUCTION OR REMODE LING
AND USUALLY PUSH ON THE BACK WITH A CL AW
ME CHANISM (KNOWN AS RIPPER) TO LOOSEN
DENSELY – COMPACTED MATERIALS.
 SCRAPER
THE SCRAPER IS A LARGE PIECE OF EQUIPMENT USED IN
MINING, CONSTRUCTION, AGRICULTURE AND OTHER
EARTH MOVING APPLICATIONS.

WHEN THE HOPPER IS FULL IT IS RAISED, AND CLOSED

WITH A VERTICAL BLADE (OTHER NAME : APRON). THE
SCRAPER CAN CARRIAGE ITS LOAD TO THE FILL AREA
WHERE THE BLADE IS RAISED, THE BACK PANEL OF THE
HOPPER, OR THE EJECTOR, IS HYDRAULICALLY PUSHED
FORWARD AND THE LOAD TUMBLES OUT. THEN THE
EMPTY SCRAPER RETURNS TO THE CUT SITE AND
REPEATS THE CYCLE.
 TRENCHER

IT IS SOMETIMES CALLED AS DITCHERS OR TRENCHES, ARE

SIMILAR TO EXCAVATORS IN THE SENSE THAT PENETRATE THE
SOIL, BREAK SOIL AND ROCK, AND FROM THE EARTH. THEY
DIFFER FROM EXCAVATORS IN THAT THE SOIL IS REMOVED IN
ONE CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT. DIGGING TRENCHES FOR PIPES
USED SPECIFICALLY FOR, BUT OTHER MACHINES HAVE BEEN
IMPROVISED IN THE PAST IN ORDER TO SERVE THIS PURPOSE.
BUT TRENCHERS CAN DIG TRENCHES AT SPEEDS THAT OTHER
MACHINES CANNOT
 ROAD HEADER
A ROAD HEADER MACHINE CALLED A BOOM TYPE ROAD HEADER. ROAD
HEADERS ARE ADVANCED, SELF FORCED AND EXTREMELY POWERFUL ROCK
CUTTING MACHINES ARE DESIGNED TO EXCAVATE ROADWAYS, TUNNELS
AND COMPARTMENTS CONTINUOUSLY WITHOUT USING VOLATILE. POWERED
ELECTRO HYDRAULICALLY, THEY PRODUCE NO FUMES AND ARE USED
EXTENSIVELY IN MINERAL MINING, COAL MINING AND UNDERGROUND
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS, WHERE THEIR CAPACITY TO EXCAVATE THE
DESIRED PROFILE WITHOUT CAUSING DAMAGING VIBRATIONS IS HIGHLY
VALUED FOR BOTH SAFETY ENVIRONMENTAL REASONS
 BACKHOE

A BACKHOE, ALSO KNOWN A REAR ACTOR OR BACK ACTOR, IS A

SECTION OF EXCAVATING EQUIPMENT OR DIGGER CONSISTING OF A
DIGGING BUCKET ON THE END OF A TWO-PART ARTICULATED ARM.
THEY ARE TYPICALLY MOUNTED ON THE BACK OF A TRACTOR OR
FRONT LOADER.

THE SECTION OF THE ARM NEARBY TO THE VEHICLE IS KNOWN AS

THE BOOM, AND THE SECTION WHICH CARRIES THE BUCKET IS
KNOWN AS THE DIPPER OR DIPPER STICK (THE TERMS “BOOM” AND
“DIPPER” HAVING BEEN USED PREVIOUSLY ON STEAM SHOVELS). THE
BOOM IS ATTACHED TO THE VEHICLE THROUGH A PIVOT KNOWN AS
THE KINGPOST, WHICH ALLOWS THE ARM TO SLEW LEFT AND RIGHT,
USUALLY THROUGH A TOTAL OF AROUND 200 DEGREES. MODERN
BACKHOES ARE POWERED BY HYDRAULICS.
 P ROCESS ING EQUIPMENTS

PROCESSING CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS ARE USED IN

CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES. THESE EQUIPMENTS AID THE
PROCESSES INVOLVE IN SOME CONSTRUCTION WORKS I.E MAKE IT
FASTER AND SIMPLER.
 CONCRETE M IXER
Concrete (Cement Mixer ) is a m achine that combines cement evenly to f orm
aggregates such as sand or gravel and water to concrete. A typical concrete
mixer using a r otating drum for mixing the components. For smaller volume
works portable concrete mixers are regularly used f or concrete, can be
produced at the site, so that workers have enough time to use the concr ete
before it hardens time.

[2] SELF LOADING CONCRETE

MIXER
THE SELF LOADING CONCRETE PICK UP THE SAND, AGGREGATE & AND
CEMENT BY ITSELF AND THEIR IS A INBUILT WATER TANK WHICH FEED THE
MIXER WITH WATER AT IT’S APPROPRIATE PROPORTIONS.
 CONCRETE TRUCK
TRANSPORTER
Special trucks for transporting concrete produced and ready-
mix concrete to the construction site. They can be charged
w ith dry materials and w ater, w ith the mixing occurring
during transport. With this method, the material w as mixed.
The concrete truck transportation of liquid mixture
maintained material by movement or rotation of the drum to
the delivery.
 CONCRETE STATIONARY
PUMP
A CONCRETE STATIONARY PUMP CAN FIT INTO TIGHT, CONFINED AREAS OF A
CONSTRUCTION SITE THAT A LARGER BOOM CONCRETE PUMP TRUCK, BECAUSE
OF ITS OUTRIGGERS, JUST WON’T FIT.

THESE TRAILER CONCRETE PUMPS HAVE STEEL AND RUBBER CONCRETE PUMP
HOSES THAT ATTACH TO AN OUTLET ON THE CONCRETE LINE PUMP. THE
CONCRETE PUMP HOSE CAN RANGE IN DIAMETER FROM 2 INCHES TO 5 INCHES
AND ARE USUALLY 10 FEET LONG. THE LARGER DIAMETER HOSES 3, 4, AND 5
INCH ARE TYPICALLY USED FOR PUMPING CONCRETE AND THE 2 INCH PUMP
HOSE IS MOSTLY USED FOR PUMPING GROUT AND CONCRETE. THE CONCRETE
PUMP HOSES ARE CONNECTED TOGETHER WITH CONCRETE PUMP CLAMPS
REACHING HORIZONTAL LENGTHS FROM 20 TO 1500 FEET.
 CONCRETE MOBILE PUMP

A MOBILE CONCRETE PUMP CONSISTS OF BOTH A CONCRETE

PUMP AND A PLACING BOOM WHICH IS MOUNTED ON A
TRUCK CHASSIS. THE BOOMS CAN VARY IN SIZE AND THE
ADVANTAGE OF THIS TYPE OF CONCRETE PUMP IS IT CAN BE
DEPLOYED QUICKLY AND DELIVER CONCRETE TO ANY AREA
WITHIN THE RANGE OF THE BOOM.

[6] TRUCK MIXER CONCRETE PUMP

BOTH MOBILE AND STATIC PUMPS WILL SOURCE THEIR

CONCRETE FROM LARGE HOPPERS, BUT THERE IS ABILITY
TRUCK MIXER CONCRETE PUMP TO HAVE THE SUPPLY OF
CONCRETE ITSELF AND IT’S MOBILE. MIXER TRUCKS
EXIST WHICH ALSO HAVE A CONCRETE PUMP AND BOOM,
ALLOWING FOR FULL MOBILITY.
 PLATE COMPACTOR
A PLATE COMPACTOR IS AN INDISPENSABLE PIECE OF CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT THAT IS USED TO COMPRESS DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOIL AND
GRAVEL. ALTHOUGH EACH PLATE COMPACTOR IS A STORY FOR ITSELF,
MAINLY THEY ALL CONSIST OF A HEAVY STEEL PLATE WHICH IS MOUNTED
TO THE BASE OF THE MACHINE AND BEARS (RESEMBLES PUSH-STYLE
MOWER). PLATE COMPACTOR HAVE VARIOUS DESIGNS AND ATTACHMENTS,
HOWEVER, THE CORE IS A FLAT AND HEAVY PLATE WHICH IS DRIVEN OR
VIBRATED UP AND DOWN WITH EITHER GASOLINE OR DIESEL POWERED.

PLATE COMPACTORS FIND THEIR USE IN VARIOUS OUTDOOR PROJECTS, LIKE

COMPACTING SOIL BEFORE PAVING. ALSO, PLATE COMPACTORS ARE
PERFECT FOR COMPACTING GRAVEL, LOOSE STONE AND SAND DURING
ROAD OR DRIVEWAY PAVING.
 JUMPING JACK COMPACTOR

JUMPING JACK COMPACTOR WORK GREAT WHEN

COMPACTING COHESIVE SOILS BECAUSE OF THE SIZE OF
THE PLATE. THE SMALLER PLATE SIZE ALLOWS FOR
MORE FOCUSED AND DIRECT COMPACTION, WHICH
COMES IN HANDY ON SOILS THAT REQUIRE MORE FORCE
TO PROPERLY COMPACT.
 ROAD ROLLER

ROAD ROLLER (SOMETIMES CALLED A ROLLER-COMPACTOR, OR JUST

ROLLER) IS A COMPACTOR TYPE ENGINEERING VEHICLE USED TO
COMPACT SOIL, GRAVEL, CONCRETE, OR ASPHALT IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS AND FOUNDATIONS, SIMILAR ROLLERS ARE
USED ALSO AT LANDFILLS OR IN AGRICULTURE.
 ROAD PAVER
A PAVER (PAVER FINISHER, ASPHALT FINISHER, PAVING
MACHINE) IS AN ENGINEERING VEHICLE USED TO LAY ASPHALT
ON ROADWAYS. IT IS NORMALLY FED BY A DUMP TRUCK. A
SEPARATE MACHINE, A ROLLER, IS THEN USED TO PRESS THE
HOT ASPHALT MIX, RESULTING A SMOOTH, EVEN SURFACE. THE
SUB-BASE BEING PREPARED BY USE OF A GRADER TO TRIM
CRUSHED STONE TO PROFILE AFTER ROLLING.
 PILE BORING MACHINE

THE PILE BORING MACHINE ARE BASICALLY USEFUL IN CAST IN SITU PILE
FOUNDATION. THE MACHINE IS BASICALLY USE FOR DRILLING HOLE FOR
PILE FOUNDATION & IT REQUIRE MORE CARE AND MAINTENANCE SINCE IT
IS USE FOR HEAVY WORK .
 MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
BELOW ARE EQUIPMENTS FOR HANDING MATERIALS
ON CONSTRUCTION SITE.
 CRANE
A CRANE IS A TYPE OF MACHINE COMMONLY
USED IN CONSTRUCTION, GENERALLY EQUIPPED
WITH AN ELEVATOR, ROPES OR CHAINS AND
SHEAVES THAT CAN BE USED BOTH TO MOVE
AND TO LIFT AND LOWER MATERIALS
HORIZONTALLY. IT IS MAINLY USED FOR HEAVY
LIFTING AND TRANSPORT TO OTHER LOCATIONS.
 CONVEYOR
CONVEYORS ARE MAINLY USEFUL IN APPLICATIONS INVOLVING THE
TRANSPORTATION OF HEAVY OR BULKY MATERIALS. CONVEYOR
SYSTEMS ALLOW QUICK AND EFFICIENT TRANSPORTATION FOR A
WIDE VARIETY OF MATERIALS, WHICH MAKE THEM VERY POPULAR
IN THE MATERIAL HANDLING AND PACKAGING INDUSTRIES.
 HOIST
HOIST IS A DEVICE FOR RAISING OR LOWERING A LOAD
BY MEANS OF A DRUM OR WHEEL LIFT TO WHICH WRAPS
THE ROPE OR CHAIN. IT CAN BE OPERATED BY HAND, IS
DRIVEN ELECTRICALLY OR PNEUMATICALLY, AND THE
CHAIN OR WIRE ROPE FIBERS ARE USED AS LIFTING
DEVICE.
 FORKLIFT
A FORKLIFT TRUCK (LIFT TRUCK, FORK TRUCK, FORKLIFT,
TOW-MOTOR) IS A POWERED INDUSTRIAL TRUCK USED TO
LIFT AND TRANSPORT MATERIALS. FORKLIFT TRUCKS ARE
AVAILABLE IN MANY VARIATIONS AND LOAD CAPACITIES. IN
A TYPICAL WAREHOUSE SETTING MOST FORKLIFTS USED
HAVE LOAD CAPACITIES BETWEEN ONE TO FIVE TONS.
LARGER MACHINES, UP TO 50 TONS LIFT CAPACITY ARE
USED FOR LIFTING HEAVIER LOADS.
 DUMPERS

A DUMP TRUCK IS A VEHICLE DESIGNED TO TRANSPORT

BULK MATERIAL, OFTEN IN CONSTRUCTION. IT HAS A OPEN
JUMP AHEAD WITH THE DRIVER SEAT , AND CONSIST OF A
LARGE BOXLIKE BODY TO CONTAIN MATERIALS. A DUMPER
USUALLY HAS 4 WHEELS, WHERE THE ENTIRE LOAD AND THE
MOVEMENT DEPENDS ON.
 BRICK HAMMER
BRICK HAMMER BRICK HAMMER IS USED TO CUT
THE BRICKS AND ALSO USED TO PUSH THE BRICKS
IF THEY COME OUT OF THE COURSE LINE.

CHISEL
CHISEL TO REMOVE THE SETTLED MORTAR FROM THE
FLOOR.

HAND DRILL
HAND DRILL THIS TOOL IS USED IN HOLE IN ANY MATERIAL
 HAND VIBRATOR
HAND VIBRATOR THIS VIBRATOR USE SMALL AREA
VIBRTION LIKE COLUMN AND BEAM.

HOE
HOE TO EXCAVATE THE EARTH OR TO DIG A TRENCH.
 LINE AND PINS
LINE AND PINS LINE AND PINS CONSISTS A
THREAD WHOSE ENDS ARE CONNECTED WITH
TWO SOLID METAL RODS WITH PIN POINTS. IT IS
USED TO LEVEL THE ALIGNMENT OF BRICK
COURSE WHILE BRICK LAYING .

PICK AXE
PICK AXE PICK AXE IS USED TO EXCAVATE THE
SOIL. IT IS MORE SUITABLE FOR HARD SOIL
WHICH IS QUITE DIFFICULT TO DIG WITH SPADE
OR HOE.
 LINE LEVEL
LINE LEVEL THIS TOOL IS USED TO CHECK
HORIZONTAL LEVEL IN BRICKWORK, PLASTERING ,
FLOORING AND TILE WORKS.

MASON’S SQUARE
MASON’S SQUARE MASON’S SQUARE IS USED TO
ACHIEVE PERFECT RIGHT ANGLE AT THE CORNER OF
MASONRY WALL. IT IS “L” SHAPE. FIRST COURSE IS LAID
PROPERLY USING MASON’S SQUARE THEN BASED ON THE
FIRST, REMAINING LAYERS OF BRICKS ARE SET OUT.
 MASONRY TROWEL
MASONRY TROWEL THIS TOOL IS USED TO PLACE CEMENT
MORTAR.

WOODEN FLOAT
WOODEN FLOAT TO PROVIDE EVEN SURFACE WHILE
PLASTERING
 PLUMB BOB
PLUMB BOB USING TO CHECK THE SURFACE VERTICAL
ALIGNMENT.

WIER BRUSH

THIS USE CLEANING OF ANY MATERIAL.

 SPADE
SPADE TO EXCAVATE THE EARTH OR TO DIG A TRENCH.

WHEEL BARROW
WHEEL BARROW TO TRANSPORT THE MATERIALS
INSIDE THE SITE.
 TILE CUTTER
TILE CUTTER TO CUT THE TILES AT THE RIGHT
SIZE.
 CIRCULAR SAW

CIRCULAR SAW TO CUT THE STEEL RODS AND WOOD

MATERIALS.

CROW BAR
CROW BAR TO REMOVE THE NAILS FROM SHUTTERING
BOARD.
 DRILLING MACHINE
DRILLING MACHINE TO MAKE A HOLE IN STEEL OR
WOODEN SURFACE .

HAMMER
HAMMER TO INSERT THE NAILS INTO THE BOARD OR WALL.
 HAND SAW
HAND SAW THIS TOOL IS USED IN WOOD WORKS AND
SHUTTERING.

JACK PLANE(M.S.)
JACK PLANE JACK PLANE IS USED IN THE WOOD
WORK TO SMOOTHEN THE SURFACE OF DOORS AND
WINDOWS ETC.