GOOD MORNING

☺
Terminologies and Abbreviations Used in Internal
Combustion Engine

Learning Objectives:

a. Discuss about the different terminologies and abbreviations used,

b. Shows awareness about terminologies, and

c. Summarize the internal combustion engine terminologies.

 The following terms and abbreviations are commonly used in engine
technology literature and will be used through-out this subject.

     
Abbreviation Terminology Definition

IC Internal The mixture is ignited within the engine,

Combustion automobile power plants.
SI Spark Ignition An engine in which the combustion process
in each cycle is started by use of a spark plug.
     
Abbreviation Terminology Definition
    This is often called Diesel Engines.
CI Compression An engine in which the combustion process
Ignition starts when the air-fuel mixture self-ignites
due to higher temperature in the combustion
chamber caused by high compression.

TDC Top-Dead-Center Position of the piston when it stops at the

furthest point away from the crankshaft.

BDC Bottom-Dead-Center Position of the piston when it stops at the

point closest to the crankshaft.
     
Abbreviation Terminology Definition

DI Direct Injection Fuel injection into the main combustion

chamber of an engine.

IDI Indirect Injection Fuel injection into the secondary chamber of an

engine with a divided combustion chamber.

EMS Engine Management Computer and electronics used to control smart

SYSTEM engines.

WOT Wide-Open Throttle Engine operated with throttle valve fully open
when maximum power and/or speed is desired.
     
Abbreviation Terminology Definition
AF Air Fuel Ratio Ratio of mass of air to mass of fuel input into
engine.
FA Fuel-Air Ratio Ratio of mass fuel to mass of air input into
engine.
BMT Brake Maximum Torque Speed at which maximum torque occurs.

ORV Overhead Valve Valves mounted in engine head.

aRC Overhead Cam Camshaft mounted in engine head, giving more
direct control of valves which are also mounted
in engine head.

FI Fuel Injected The fuel injected to engine.

     
Abbreviation Terminology Definition
Ie Internal Combustion The mixture is ignited within the engine, automobile
power plants.
SI Spark Ignition An engine in which the combustion process in each
cycle is started by use of a spark plug.

    This is often called Diesel Engines.

CI Compression Ignition An engine in which the combustion process starts
when the air-fuel mixture self-ignites due to higher
temperature in the combustion chamber caused by
high compression.
TDC Top-Dead-Center Position of the piston when it stops at the furthest
point away from the crankshaft.
BDC Bottom-Dead-Center Position of the piston when it stops at the point closest
to the crankshaft.
The following terms and abbreviations are commonly used in engine
technology literature and will be used through-out this module.

Karl Friedrich Benz, was a German engine designer and

automotive engineer. His Benz Patent motor car from 1885 is
considered the first practical automobile  and first car put into
series production. He received a patent for the motorcar in
1886.
Benz Patent-Motorwagen
CARBURETOR

A bike carburetor is a vital component of a bike

engine since it controls the ratio of the fuel and air
mixture going inside the engine which is
responsible for its movement.
THE PARTS AND ITS FUNCTION OF THE
CARBURETOR
Carburetor throttle slide
The throttle slide is a carburetor part which controls how
much air is allowed to flow through the venturi of the
carburetor. Throttle slides can come in many shapes and
sizes, but the two found most often in moped carburetors
are the round slide and the flat slide.
Jet needle
The needle jet/nozzle controls the fuel/air mixture up to 3/4
throttle. How it overlaps with the jet needle depends on the jet
orifice inner diameter, air bleed holes and type of nozzle screen.
Floater and Carburetor float needle

The carburetor float needle, moved by the float, controls

fuel flow, maintaining the fuel level in the chamber. As
suggested by its name, the “float” needs to float in the
fuel, so it's usually made of hollow plastic, metal or fuel-
resistant foam
Pilot jet

The pilot jet handles the mixture from idle to 15 to 20

percent throttle. Air comes in through the front of the
carburetor drawing fuel up through the pilot with a vacuum
that is created as the air flows through the pilot circuit.
Main jet
The main jet provides the fuel at 80 percent to wide-open
throttle. The fuel flows up and out through the needle jet
into the throat of the carburetor. When changes in air
density are significant the main jet will need to be
swapped. Handling the mixture between the pilot and
main is the needle jet and needle
Idle screw

A visible screw located on the carburetor used

for adjusting the idle speed of an engine.
Mixture screw
An air fuel mixture screw is a special screw on an engine's
carburetor that controls how much air mixes with the fuel.
Adjusting this screw changes how fast or slow an engine
idles and how smoothly it runs.
Choke valve
A choke valve/cable is designed to restrict the flow of air in
the carburetor of an engine. This helps enrich the fuel-air
mixture, improving the ability to start an engine in low
temperature conditions.