STRUCTURE

AND WRITTEN
EXPRESSION
Compiled by M.Hilman Rasyid Yudistira, S.Hum., M.Hum.
Skill IV: VERB
● What is a verb?
● A verb is a word or a combination of words that indicates action or a state of
being or condition. A verb is the part of a sentence that tells us what the
subject performs. Verbs are the hearts of English sentences.
● Examples:

Jacob walks in the morning. (A usual action)

Mike is going to school. (A condition of action)
Albert does not like to walk. (A negative action)
Anna is a good girl. (A state of being)

Verbs are related to a lot of other factors like the subject, person, number, tense,
mood, voice, etc.
BASIC FORMS OF
VERBS

• There are six basic forms of verbs.

These forms are as follows:
● Base form: Children play in the field.

● Infinitive: Tell them not to play

● Past tense: They played football yesterday.

● Past participle: I have eaten a burger.

● Present participle: I saw them playing with him today.

● Gerund: Swimming is the best exercise.

TYPES
OF
VERBS
1. Base Verb
The base verb is the form of a verb where it has no ending (-ing, -ed, -en)
added to it. It is also called the Root Verb since it is the very root form of a
verb.

● Examples:
I go to school every day.
You run a mile every morning.
Do your homework.
2. REGULAR
VERB
The Verbs that follow the most usual conjugations are
considered Regular Verbs. It is regular since it abides by most if
not all of the regular grammar rules there are.

Examples:
Rehan plays cricket.
Tam called out my name.
You really walked all the way back? 
EXAMPLES

V1 V2 V3
(infinitive) (past tense) (past participle)

cook cooked cooked

watch watched watched
try tried tried
erase erased erased
end ended ended
2. IRREGULAR
VERB
The Verbs that have irregularities in terms of following
grammar rules are Irregular Verbs, in general.

Examples:
Do the dishes.
I hardly ever drink enough water in a day.
She drove all the way back. 
EXAMPLES
V1 V2 V3

read read read

put put put
run ran run
take took taken
drive drove driven
 3. TRANSITIVE
VERB
• The Main Verb that takes a direct object sitting
right after it would be a Transitive Verb. They
usually construct the most straightforward of
sentences.

Examples:

She went to the fair.

We do not like being called out loud in crowds.
I love visiting my village home.
 A) MONOTRANSITIVE
VERB (BEROBJEK
TUNGGAL)
FORMULA:
S + VT + O

Contoh:

She bought a book.

The pop singer canceled the concect.
You must fulfill the requirements
 B) DITRANSITIVE
VERB (BEROBJEK
GANDA)
FORMULA:

S + VT + IO* + DO**
S + VT + DO + to/for + IO
*IO = Indirect Object (objek tak langsung), biasanya berupa person.
**DO = Direct Object (objek langsung), biasanya berupa non person

EXAMPLE:
He lent me a car.
She explained the problem to me.
Janet bought a shirt for her husband
 4.
INTRANSITIVE
VERB
• The main Verb that does not take a direct object
specified right afterward and rather there is an
indirect one mentioned somewhere along the line
is called an Intransitive Verb. These verbs often
make the corresponding sentences incomplete.

Example:
I laughed.
John ran.
A ghast of cold wind blew.
 5. LINKING
VERBS
• Linking verbs do not express action. Rather, they connect the subject to the
additional information that's about to come. In other words, they link the subject to
details about the subject. Various forms of the verb "to be" are linking verbs,
including verbs like "am," "is," "are," and "were." There are many
additional examples of linking verbs.

 Damien is an expert craftsman.

 I am Jennifer.
 The car was here.
 We were exhausted after the trip.

• Some words (such as smell, look or appear) can be used as linking verbs or action
verbs. With these words, it's important to consider the function the verb is
performing in the sentence in order to identify the type.
 Linking Verbs:
tampak
appear, look, seem
menjadi
be (am, is, are, was, were, be, been,
menjadi, berubah, …
being)*
menjadi, tetap, …
become, come, get, go, grow, turn
merasa
blow, blush, break, fall, stand, wax 
tetap
feel 
terbukti
keep, remain, stay
berbau
prove
terdengar
smell
terasa
sound 
taste
 • * Linking verb(k.t. penghubung) BE (am, is, are, was,
were, be, been, being) dapat diikuti oleh subjective
complements berupa noun, adjective, dan adverb.
Sementara linking verbs selain be umumnya diikuti
oleh adjective saja. Contoh:

S LV SC
He is handsome
BE He is an accountant
He is here now
The milk tastes sour
Selain B
Her face turned pale
E
The man becomes an engineer
 6. HELPING
VERBS
• Helping verbs do exactly what it seems like they should do. They
help. That is, they help the main verb of the sentence by extending
its meaning. They are used in cases where the linking verb on its
own is not sufficient to form a complete thought or sentence. In the
examples below, the helping verb is bold and italicized, while the
linking verb is bold only.

 I have been there before.
 I am walking to the store.
 We are reading the book together.
 He will run for president.
 7- INFINITIVE
• The 'to + Verb' forms where the Verbs are at their base or stem
forms while they function as Nouns, Adjectives or Adverbs
instead of Verbs.

Examples:
I wanted to help you out.
Are you trying to go there?
I just love to flaunt my new Ferarri.