Jawaharlal Nehru Government

Engineering College

Name:-khushboo thakur
Class:-textile engineering
3rd semester
Roll no:-
 Man-made fiber
• Fibers made by men are termed as man-
made.
• Mainly synthesized in the laboratory, they do
not occur naturally.
• Also called synthetic fiber.
• Their structure, properties and chemical
compositions are altered significantly during
the manufacturing process.
• Man-made fibres examples are rayon, nylon,
polyester fibres etc.
• These man-made fibres are produced from the
chemical compounds known as polymers.
• Polymers are long chain compounds which
consist of great size and high molecular weight.
• These polymers are formed by the repetitive
combination of monomers.
• Fabrics prepared using man-made fibres are
called man-made fabrics
 Production and Uses
• Man-made fibres account for 68% of all fibres produced
worldwide, and for 82% in Europe, including Turkey.
• World production was 58.6 million tones in 2012. European
production was 4.6 million tones.
• Their principal end-use is in clothing, carpets, household
textiles and a wide range of technical products. for example.
• In many cases, they are used in blends with natural fibres such
as cotton and wool.
• Man-made fibres come in two main forms: continuous
filament, used for weaving, knitting or carpet production; and
staple, discontinuous lengths of fibre which can be spun into
yarn or incorporated in unspun uses such as fillings or
nonwovens.
 Advantages
• Fibres are precisely engineered to give the right
combination of qualities :
Synthetic fibers have good elasticity.
They don’t wrinkle up easily.
Fabrics made from these fibres are less expensive, durable
and readily available in comparison to natural fibers.
Synthetic fibers can handle the heavy load without
breaking.
They don’t shrink.
Synthetic fibers blend well with other fibres.
They’re very absorbent.
 Disadvantages
 Synthetic fibers require attention while ironing since
they tend to melt away easily.
 Most of these fibres absorb very little. So, they stick
to the body while sweating on hot summer days.
Thus, making it uncomfortable to wear during such
days.
 Synthetic fibers are prone to catch fire very easily.
 These fibres are non-biodegradable.
 Man-made fiber Type
• Rayon
• Nylon
• Polyester
• Cellulose
• Rubber
• Acrylic
• Metallic
• Glass
• Carbon
 Rayon
• Rayon is the first synthetic fiber. Its discovery
was towards the end of the nineteenth
century. It comes from the chemical treatment
of wood pulp.
• Since rayon is like silk but is cheaper than silk,
it is thus called ‘poor man’s silk’.
• Bed sheets and clothing materials are made
from a combination of rayon with cotton.
• Rayon is soft, absorbent and comfortable.
• Carpets are made from a combination of
rayon with wool.
 Nylon
• We get the term ‘Nylon’ from the letters of
‘New York’ and ‘London’. The term was coined
in 1931. Nylon comes from coal, water, and air.
• It is very lustrous, easy to wash and elastic.
• Nylon dries up quickly and maintains its shape.
• Things such as seat belts of the car, sleeping
bags, socks, ropes, etc.
NYLON BELT
 Polyester
• Polyester comes from coal, water, air and
petroleum.
• It is made from repeating units of a chemical
termed as esters.
• It is very easy to wash and it remains wrinkle-
free.
• Terylene, a type of polyester is used is making
dress materials.
• Polyester maintains its shape and remains crisp.
POLYESTER FIBER
 CELLULOSE
• Cellulose or cellulosic
fibers are fibers structured
from cellulose, a starch-like
carbohydrate.
• They are created by
dissolving natural materials
such as cellulose or wood
pulp, which are then
regenerated by extrusion
and precipitation.
• create a wide range of
fabrics, from a heavy denim
or corduroy to a light muslin
or organza.
 RUBBER
• A fiber composed of 
natural or synthetic 
rubber; used to make 
elastic yarn for clothing.
 Acrylic
• Acrylic fiber fabrics are
made from a synthetic
polymer called
acrylonitrile.
• Since acrylic fabric is
one of the least
breathable forms of
textiles in the world, it
is desired in heat-
retention applications.
 Metallic
• Metallic fibers are  fibers composed
of metal, metallic alloys, plastic-
coated metal, metal-coated plastic,
or a core completely covered by
metal.
• Having their origin in textile and
clothing applications, gold and silver
fibers have been used since ancient
times as yarns for fabric decoration.
• More recently, aluminum yarns,
aluminized plastic yarns, and
aluminized nylon yarns have
replaced gold and silver.
 Glass fiber
• Glass fiber (or glass
fibre) is a material
consisting of numerous
extremely fine fibers of
glass.
• Glass fiber has roughly
comparable mechanical
properties to other
fibers such as polymers
and carbon fiber.
 Carbon fibre
– Carbon fiber is composed
of strands of fibers 5 to 10
microns in diameter
– Consist of long, tightly
interlocked chains of
carbon atoms in a
microscopic crystalline
structure.
– These fibers are extremely
stiff, strong, and light, and
are used in many processes
to create high performance
building materials.
 Natural or man-made
Natural fibre
• The fibers which we get
from nature re called
natural fiber.
• Generally fibers are
hydrophilic.
• No. of molecule controlled
by nature.
• Length of the fiber is nature
given.
• Less strength and durability.
Man-made fibre
• The fibers which are
developed by man re called
man-made fiber.
• Generally fibers are
hydrophobic
• No. of molecule controlled
by man.
• Length of the fiber is
controlled by man.
• More strength and
durability.
THANKYOU