ORAL COMMUNICATION

Chapter 1:
Nature and Elements of Communication

Prepared by:
Charess Dela Cruz Rustia
SST-1
Cantapoy National High School
Cantapoy, Malimono, Surigao del Norte
What comes to your
mind when you hear
the word
‘Communication’?
DEFINITION AND PROCESS
OF COMMUNICATION

Communication comes from

the Latin word “communis”
which means “common”.
DEFINITION AND PROCESS OF
COMMUNICATION
Communication is the process of
encoding and transmitting
messages such as ideas,
information, feelings, and
emotions using different symbols
from a sender to a receiver in
order to achieve a desired goal.

-Cheney, 2011
DEFINITION AND PROCESS OF
COMMUNICATION

Communication process involves

a continuous exchange of
message between the sender to
the receiver and vice-versa during
the entire communication
situation.
 DEFINITION AND PROCESS OF
COMMUNICATION
Every communication activity has its
intended goal to achieve. To do so,
understanding is essential in the
the process of
communication process.
changing in the
new form of the

Encoding
code (letters,
numbers, symbols)
the process of
finding or
understanding

Decoding the true or

hidden
meaning.
Day 2

4 Pics, 1 Word
1.

R
2.

B
3.

L
4.

E
5.

S
6.

K
7.

N
 Let’s
Check!
Answers:
1. RECEIVER
2. BARRIER
3. CHANNEL
4. MESSAGE
5. SOURCE
6. FEEDBACK
7. NOISE
 ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION

ACTIVITY Messag Mediu

Sender Receiver
Communication
Medium e Sender m
Message
The Situation
means or The Receiver
theinitial
Barrier/Noise
Feedbacksource
Anything that
The
has two
channelheart of The
oftheThe
components:
which target
response
information of
interferesthe
with
Communication
the Feedback
physical
message is sent Communication
location
receiver
from
Barrier/
Noise gives
the transmission
Communication
Situation

and psychological
the sender to receiver of message
setting.
 ACTIVITY # 1:
Medium of Communication
. Cite the advantages and disadvantages of
Direction:
direct and device mediated communication.
  ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE

     
Direct
Communication

     
Device-Mediated
Communication
 Question:

How important
feedbacks are?
Day 3
BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION

Semantic/Language Barrier

Psychological/Emotional
Barrier

Physical/ Environmental
Barrier
 GROUPWORK # 1:
Barriers/Noise of Communication 
Direction: Classify the following terms found in the box to be either a
physical noise, psychological noise, or semantic Noise.
Honking of cars difficulty words Hunger
Stage fright mispronunciation child’s cry
Erroneous grammar speaker’s messy hair biases
 

Physical Psychological Semantic

Noise Noise Noise
• • •
• • •
• • •
BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION

Semantic/Language
Barrier
• This results when a sender
and a receiver do not speak
Jargon
the same language or if
they do, they speak at
inappropriate levels.
BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION

Psychological/Emotional
Barrier
• This happens when either one
of them is easy to jump into
conclusions about something
Stereotyping
without allowing the other to
explain further.
BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION

Physical/
Environmental Barrier
• This possibly break
communication down because
the participants are prevented
from using their skills at their
maximum due to physical
constraints.
Day 4
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

“Draw It Up.”
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

• Aristotle’s Model of Communication (5BC)

• Linear Model of Communication (Shannon

& Weaver, 1948)

• Interactive Model of Communication

(Schramm, 1954)

• Transactional Model of Communication

(Barlund, 2008)
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

• Aristotle’s Model of
Communication (5BC)
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

• Linear Model of Communication

(Shannon & Weaver, 1948)
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

• Interactive Model of
Communication (Schramm, 1954)
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

• Transactional Model of
Communication (Barlund, 2008)
Day 5
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
SKILLS

“What are the 4

Macro Skills?”
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
SKILLS

Reading

Writing

Speakin
Listening
g
 EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
SKILLS

Techniques to become better speakers

1. Be considerate
2. Speak clearly
3. Stay focused and be brief
4. Be sensitive to the non-verbal cues of
the listeners
 EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
SKILLS

Techniques to become effective writers

1. Keep writing short and simple

- Avoid wordiness
-Be specific Refrain from typing all
2. Keep writing positive. caps.
1. It’s difficult to read
3. Keep writing correct. 2. It suggests
shouting
Day 6
 FEATURES OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
7Cs of effective communication by Professors Broom,
Cutlip, and Center
Completeness
Conciseness
Consideration
Concreteness
Courtesy
Clearness
Correctness
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION

7Cs of effective communication by Professors Broom,

Cutlip, and Center
Control

Social Interaction

Motivation

Emotional Expression
Information
Dissemination
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION

The speaker generates an idea

The speaker encodes the idea

The speaker transmits or sends the idea as a message

The receiver gets the message

The receiver decodes or interprets the message

The receiver sends or provides feedback

Day 7
Motivation:
The class will be divided in 5 groups. Each
group will select an animal sound to be
imitated. Each student will be scattered.
The task is for them to look for their group
mates while they are in their blindfolds.
 INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
Group Activity:
With the same group, they will create a fictional
country using the following guided questions.
a. What is the name of the country? It’s
demonym?
b. It is an island or land-locked?
c. What is its tourist attraction?
d. What is your country famous for?
e. What are the citizens known for?
 INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION

Group Activity:
Describe the way these citizens use
language, as well as their general traits.
a. Behavior
b. Language use
c. Nonverbal cues
d. Values
 INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION

Group Activity:
Each group will present their output.
Day 8
MOTIVATION:
Write (as many as you can) words in
other languages that means “hello”.
 INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
Gudykunst (2003) define intercultural communication
as a type of communication among individuals of
different Nationalities.

Samovar & Porter (2004) expanded the definition to

include inter-ethnicity, inter-religions, inter-regions as
well as among individuals with different gender, age,
and social status.

Ting-Toomey, 1999stated that intercultural

communication happens when individuals interact,
negotiate, and create meanings while bringing their
varied cultural backgrounds.
 DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL OF
INTERCULTURAL SENSITIVITY
Stage 6
• INTEGRATION
Stage 5
• ADAPTATION
Stage 4
• ACCEPTANCE
Stage 3
• MINIMIZATION
Stage 2
• DEFENSE
Stage 1
• DENIAL
2. DEFENSE
1. DENIAL
The individual starts to recognize
6.4.INTEGRATION
ACCEPTANCE
3. 5.
MINIMIZATION
ADAPTATION
The The
individual
cultural
TheTheThe does
differences
individuals start to
individuals
individuals bank
and isto
go beyond
begins
more on the
intimadated
their
not recognize individual
own by them,
cultures
cultural is very open
resulting
and see to
in
appreciate
universality ofimportant
ides rathercultural
thannew
on
world
either
themselves views
a superiorwhen
and in view
their accepting
on own
actions based
differences
differences
cultural behaviors
differences. and
culture perspectives.
or an unjustified
on eventually
multifarious high
in cultural
values.
regard viewpoints.
for the new one.
 ACTIVITY # 4:
Intercultural Communication
Direction: Write the things to consider in communicating with the
following aspects.

Inter-ethnicity

Inter-religion

Inter-regions
Assignment

What is Non-Verbal
Communication?
When settling an argument:
Talk less, Listen more.
-Charess Rustia, 2019
Reference
‘SpeakConfidently’ by Gador,
Malimas, & Turano