HISTORY OF EUROPEAN

PHARMACY
IN EUROPE, PHARMACY-LIKE SHOPS BEGAN TO APPEAR DURING THE 12 TH
CENTURY. IN 1240 EMPEROR FREDERIC II ISSUED A DECREE BY WHICH THE
PHYSICIAN’S AND THE APOTHECARY’S PROFESSIONS WERE SEPARATE. OLD
PHARMACIES CONTINUE TO OPERATE IN DUBROVNIK, CROATIA LOCATED
INSIDE THE FRANCISCAN MONASTERY.
 THE OLDEST PHARMACY IN
EUROPE

Tallinn Town Hall Pharmacy is the oldest pharmacy in Europe that has
continually operated on the same premises. It was first mentioned in
town records in 1422. During the long history of the town hall
pharmacy, many dignified men have been pharmacists here.
MEDIEVAL ESTEVE
PHARMACY
• IT IS LOCATED IN LlIVIA, A SPANISH
ENCLAVE CLOSE TO PUIGCERDA, IS ALSO
NOW MUSEUM DATING BACK TO 15TH
AND 17TH CENTURIES, OLD PRESCRIPTION,
BOOKS AND ANTIQUE DRUGS.
• ONE OF THE OLDEST PHARMACY IN
EUROPE AND KEEPS A COLLECTION OF
ALBARELLOS FROM THE 16TH AND 17TH
CENTURIES, GLASS FROM 19TH
CENTURIES, RENAISSANCE BOXES WITH
PORTRATE OF IMAGES, A LIBRARY AND
LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS, ANTIQUE
DRUGS AND PREPARATION.
THE REPUBLIC OF
VENICE

IT WAS THE FIRST STATE WITH HEALTH

MODERN POLICIES WHICH REQUIRES THAT
THE NATURE OF DRUG IS PUBLIC
• GLOBAL HEALTH POLICY
• PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY
• MENTAL HEALTH POLICY
• HEALTH CARE SERVICES POLICY
• INSURANCE POLICY
• PERSONAL HEALTH CARE POLICY
• PHARMACEUTICAL
 THE AMERICAN PHARMACY
*HISTORY OF AMERICAN PHARMACY
AMERICAN PHARMACIES HAVE CAME ALONG WAY FROM THE YEARS OF COLONIAL
APOTHECARIES TO THE MODERN AUTOMATED PHARMACIES OF TODAY. EOLUTION IN
THE PHARMACIST EDUCATION AND CHANGES IN THE LEGISLATURE HAS SHIFTED THE
ROLES OF PHARMACISTS

IN 1729, THE IRISH IMMIGRANT CHRISTOPHER MARSHALL OPENED ONE OF THE

FIRST APOTHECARIES IN COLONIAL AMERICA. IT WAS LOCATED IN THE PHILADELPHIA.
FOR 96 YEARS, THE MARSHALL APOTHECARY SERVED AS A COMMUNITY PHARMACY
AS WELL AS A TRAINING GROUND FOR ASPIRING PHARMACISTS. MARSHALL’S
GRANDDAUGHTER, ELIZABETH MARSHALL, TOOK OVER THE STORE IN THE 1805 AND
BECAME THE SECOND AMERICAN FEMALE PHARMACISTS. THE FIRST WAS ELIZABETH
GOOKING GREENLEAF, WHO BOUGHT AND RAN AN APOTHECARY IN BOSTON IN 1727.

IN 1821, ALMOST 100 YEARS LATER, THE FIRST PHARMACY SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA
COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, OPENED. SHORTLY AFTER, IN 1852, THE FIRST NATIONAL
PHARMACY ASSOCIATION, THE AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATION (APhA),
WAS ESTABLISHED.
 THE FIRST PHARMACY IN UNITED
STATES
• FIRST PHARMACY IN THE US
• LOUIS JOSEPH DUFILHO, JR. OF NEW ORLEANS BECAMEAMERICA’S FIRST
LICENSED PHARMACIST IN THE EARLY 1800s AND HE OPENED THE SHOP THAT IS
NOW HOME TO THE NEW ORLEANS PHARMACY MUSEUM IN 1823. THE MUSUM
DIDN’T OPEN UNTIL 1950 AFTER THE BUILDING HAD BEEN DAMAGED IN A
HURRICANE AND ABANDONED.

• *OLDEST PHARMACY IN THE US

• CARL’S DRUG STORE IS STILL FIRMLY WOVEN INTO THE BUSINESS AND CIVIC
FABRIC OF GREENCASTLE. ITS AMAZING 182 YEAR LONGEVITY HAS EARNED IT THE
UNOFFICIAL HONOR OF BEING AMERICA’S OLDEST PHARMACY CONTINUOUSLY
SERVING THE SAME COMMUNITY.

• A DESCENDANT OF GERMAN IMMIGRANTS, ADAM CARL WAS BORN IN 1800 IN

CARLISLE, PA. AS A BOY, HE WORKED IN A LOCAL PHARMACY WHERE HE BECAME
INTERESTED IN MEDICINE. BY THE AGE OF 24, HE’D BECAME A PHARMACIST AND
OPEN THE GREENCASTLE DRUGSTORE.
HOW DID THE AMERICANS MEET THE EUROPEANS?

• *HOW DID THE AMERICANS MEET THE EUROPEANS?

• CARIBBEAN. THE FIRST LASTING CONTACT BETWEEN
INDIGENOUS AMERICANS AND EUROPEANS CAME AS
ARAWAK, TAINO, AND LUCAYAN PEOPLES ENCOUNTERED THE
ITALIAN EXPLORER CHRISTOPHER COLUMBOS AND HIS
SPANISH SHIPS.

• “FIRST CONTACT” DESCRIBE AN INITIAL ENCOUNTER

BETWEEN CULTURES THAT WERE PREVIOUSLY UNAWARE OF
EACH OTHER. IN THE AMERICAS, “FIRST CONTACT” ALMOST
ALWAYS REFERS TO FIRST CONTACT BETWEEN INDIGENOUS
PEOPLES AND EUROPEANS IN THE 16TH AND 17TH CENTURIES.

• IN REALITY, OF COURSE, THE AMERICAS WERE POPULATED

BY MILLIONS OF PEOPLE FROM THOUSANDS OF CULTURALLY
DISTINCT COMMUNITIES. THERE WERE THOUSANDS OF
“FIRST CONTACTS” BETWEEN THESE GROUPS, AS WELL AS
LATER EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS.
THE AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN PHARMACY MEETS
 THE AMERICAN PHARMACISTS
ASSOCIATION
For education and
apprenticeship; and quality
control of imported drugs, led
to calling of a convention of
representative pharmacists in
the Hall of the Philadelphia
College of Pharmacy, October
6 to 8, 1852. Under leadership
of its first President, Daniel B.
Smith, and first Secretary,
William Procter, Jr., the twenty
delegates launched The American
Pharmaceutical Association;
mapped its objectives; and
opened membership to “All
pharmaceutists and druggists” of
good character who subscribed to
its Constitution and to its Code of
Ethics. The Association continues
to serve Pharmacy today.
Over the years, no real discord has
existed between representatives of
Click icon to add picture
European and American Pharmacy so
far as ethical and scientific aims are
concerned. But when the groups met
for the first time, at the Second
International Congress of Pharmacy in
Paris, France, August 21 to 24, 1867,
there was a great divergence of opinion
on the subject of compulsory limitation WILLIAM PROCTER JR.
of pharmacies. William Procter, Jr.,
leading the delegates of The American
Pharmaceutical Association, told the
international body that “Public opinion
is in America a forceful agent of reform,”
and that, in his country, “there is not
the slightest obstacle toward a
multiplication of drug stores save that a
lack of success.” His declaration vividly
documented the American Way of
Pharmacy.
 THE FATHER OF
PHARMACY William Procter, Jr. (1817-1874)
Image Courtesy of Kremers and Urdang’s History of Pharmacy
William Procter, Jr. is recognized as the “Father of American Pharmacy.”  He was
a practitioner, experimenter, editor, association leader and professor.  His
vigorous leadership, energy and enthusiasm are a few reasons why he is
considered one of the most admired American pharmacists.
William was born in Baltimore, MD., May 3, 1817 to Issac Procter and Rebecca
Farquhar. After the death of his father, and at the age of 14, he moved to
Pennsylvania and worked at Henry M. Zollickoffer’s pharmacy where he
spent his leisure time studying chemistry and pharmacy.
Following graduation from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 1837, he
opened a drugstore in 1844. He spent his time conducting new investigations,
developing new preparations and studying the formulas of the pharmacopoeia
in order to improve them.
In 1846, he became a professor at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. From
1850 to 1871, William led the American Journal of Pharmacy. He is also known
for writing the first textbook on pharmacy for American students.
He is also responsible for presenting the idea for a national American
pharmaceutical association to the Convention of Pharmaceutics and Druggists
in October 15 -16th, 1851 in New York. As a result of his advocacy and drive, the
association was founded a year later.
William’s trailblazing impact set the stage for pharmacy today. Throughout his
career, he is known for doing more than any other person to advance the
interests of the science of pharmacy and to popularize an education in
pharmaceuticals.
Happy Father’s Day to William Procter, Jr. and to all the fathers out there.
Whether you are a current or soon-to-be father, may your day be extra special.