CIRCLE

At the end of the lesson, you

should be able to:

• Define circle and its different parts;

• Apply at least 5 theorems/postulates in solving arc
length;
• Calculate the circumference of a given circle;
Try this!
O527489631 = 1
19758O34O2 = 2
2047O851O3 = 3
3O8O76O2O4 = 4
4189O32765 = ?
WHAT IS CIRCLE?
• A circle is the set of all points that are
of the same distance from a given point
in a plane, called the center.
Did you know…
The circle has been known since before the beginning of
recorded history. Some highlights in the history of the circle
are:
• 1700 BC – The Rhind papyrus gives a method to find the
area of a circular field. The result corresponds to 256/81
as an approximate value of a Pi.
• 300 BC – Book 3 of Euclid’s Elements deals with the
properties of circles.
• 1800 – Lindemann proves that Pi is transcendental,
effectively settling the millennia –old problem of squaring
the circle.
 DEFINITIONS
• CENTER – is the given point or the fixed point of the circle.
• RADIUS – the segment from the center to any point on the circle.
• CHORD – a segment whose endpoints both lie on the circle.
• DIAMETER – a chord that passes through the center of a circle.
• INTERIOR OF THE CIRCLE – the set of points in the plane of a
circle whose distances from the center are less than the length of
the radius.
• EXTERIOR OF THE CIRCLE – the set of points in the plane of a
circle whose distances from the center are greater than the
length of the radius.
PARTS OF A CIRCLE
D

rd
cho
F B

G
O
C
A
E

H
CIRCUMFERENCE A CIRCLE
• CIRCUMFERENCE – The circumference of the circle is the
perimeter.
EXAMPLE OF CIRCUMFERENCE
OF A CIRCLE
CONGRUENT CIRCLES
Congruent circles are circles that have congruent radii.

G H
5 cm 5 cm

F C

FG = CH = 5 cm
CONCENTRIC CIRCLES

Concentric circles are coplanar circles having the

same center.

B
A
 ARCS,
SECTOR,
CENTRAL
ANGLES, and
INSCRIBED
 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

• ARC – is a part of a circle.

• SEMI-CIRCLE – the part of the circle from one endpoint of the diameter to
other endpoint is an arc. It is half of the circle and has a measure of 180º.
• CENTRAL ANGLE – is an angle whose vertex is the center of the circle.

O
C B C O
B
 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

• MINOR ARC AB – is the union of points A and B and all the points of the
circle in the interior of central ∠AOB.
• MAJOR ARC ACB – is the union of points A and B and all points of the circle
in the exterior of central ∠AOB.

O
C B C O
B
DEGREE MEASURES
OF PARTS OF CIRCLE

• DEGREE MEASURE OF THE MINOR ARC – is equal to the degree

measure of its central angle.
• DEGREE MEASURE OF THE MAJOR ARC – is equal to 360 minus the
degree measure of its related minor arc.
• DEGREE MEASURE OF SEMI-CIRCLE is 180.
 POSTULATE 17. ARC
ADDITION POSTULATE

Arc addition postulate states that the measure of

the arc formed by two adjacent arcs is the sum of
the measures of the two arcs.
 POSTULATE 17. ARC
ADDITION POSTULATE
Example 1. Given circle O

A
55º A. Find mABC
B
195º O
B. Find mADC
70º

D 40º C
 POSTULATE 17. ARC
ADDITION POSTULATE
Example 2. If m∠EOF = 65º and m∠FOG = 50º, find mEFG.

O F

G
 POSTULATE 17. ARC
ADDITION POSTULATE
Example 3. If m∠EOF = 58º,
find mEGF. E

O F

G
 SECTOR
Is the part of a circle enclosed by two radii of a circle
and their intercepted arcs.
 SECTOR OF A
CIRCLE
A sector of a circle
is the region bounded by
an arc of the circle and
the two radii to the
endpoints of the arc.
CONGRUENT
ARCS

In the same circle or in congruent circles, arcs

which have the same measure are congruent
arcs.
ARC LENGTH

FORMUL
A:
Arc Length Formula (if ϴ is in
degrees) s = 2 π r (θ/360)

Arc Length Formula (if ϴ is in

s=θ×r
radians)
EXAMPLE OF ARC LENGTH

Arc Length Arc Length

(Radian) (Degrees)
THEOREM 102

If two minor arcs of a circle or of congruent

circles are congruent, then the corresponding
chords are congruent.
 THEOREM 103

If two chords of a circle or congruent

circles are congruent, then the corresponding
minor arcs are congruent.
 THEOREM 104

If two central angles of a circle or of

congruent circles are congruent, then the
corresponding minor arcs are congruent.
 THEOREM 105

If two minor arcs of a circle or of

congruent circles are congruent, then the
corresponding central angles are congruent.
 THEOREM 106

If two central angles of a circle or of

congruent circles are congruent, then the
corresponding chords are congruent.
 THEOREM 107

If two chords of a circle or of congruent

circles are congruent, then the corresponding
central angles are congruent.
INSCRIBED ANGLE

An inscribed angle is an angle whose

vertex lies on the circle and whose sides
contain chords of the circle.
INSCRIBED ANGLE THEOREM

The measure of an inscribed angle is half the measure of the intercepted

arc.
That is, m∠ABC= ½ m∠AOC.
INSCRIBED ANGLE THEOREM

This leads to the corollary that in a circle any two inscribed angles with the
same intercepted arcs are congruent.

Here, ∠ADC ≅ ∠ABC ≅ ∠AFC.

EXAMPLE 1 (Inscibed Angle)

Find the measure of the inscribed angle ∠PQR.

By the inscribed angle theorem, the measure of an inscribed angle is half the
measure of the intercepted arc.
 TANGENTS
and SECANTS
of a Circle
TANGENT TO A CIRCLE

A tangent to a circle is a
straight line which touches the
circle at only one point. This
point is called the point of
tangency.
The tangent to a circle is
perpendicular to the radius at
the point of tangency.
THEOREMS ON TANGENT LINE

1. If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is

perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point of
tangency.

2. If a line is perpendicular to a radius of a circle at

its endpoint that is on the circle, then the line is
tangent to the circle.
THEOREMS ON TANGENT LINE

3. If two segments from the same exterior point are

tangent to a circle, then the two segments are
congruent.
 COMMON TANGENT
A COMMON TANGENT is a line that is tangent to two circles in the same plane.
TANGENT and SECANT
Segments and rays that are contained in the tangent or intersect the circle
in one and only one point are also said to be tangent to the circle.
TANGENT and SECANT
 THEOREMS ON ANGLES
FORMED BY TANGENT AND
SECANTS

• If two secants
intersect in the
exterior of a circle,
then the measure of
the angle formed is
one-half the positive
difference of the
measures of the
intercepted arcs.
 THEOREMS ON ANGLES
FORMED BY TANGENT AND
SECANTS

• If a secant and a
tangent intersect in
the exterior of a
circle, then the
measure of the
angle formed is
one-half the
positive difference
of the measures of
the intercepted
arcs.
 THEOREMS ON ANGLES
FORMED BY TANGENT AND
SECANTS

• If two tangents
intersect in the
exterior of a circle,
then the measure
of the angle
formed is one-half
the positive
difference of the
measures of the
intercepted arcs.
 THEOREMS ON ANGLES
FORMED BY TANGENT AND
SECANTS

• If two secants intersect in the interior of a circle,

then the measure of an angle formed is one-half
the sum of the measures of the arcs intercepted by
the angle and its vertical angle.
 THEOREMS ON
ANGLES FORMED BY
TANGENT AND
SECANTS
 THEOREMS ON
ANGLES FORMED BY
TANGENT AND
• SECANTS
If a secant and a
tangent intersect
at the point of
tangency, then
the measure of
each angle
formed is one-
half the measure
of its intercepted
arc.
References:
• http://www.math.com/tables/geometry/circles.htm
• https://www.mathopenref.com/circle.html
• https://www.slideshare.net/jyotivaid/circle-geometry
-26676298
• https://www.slideserve.com/yana/circle-geometry
THANK YOU!!! 

Worksheet will follow..