MEDICATION

ADMINISTRATION
 MEDICATION

Substance administered for DIAGNOSIS,

CURE, TREATMENT, or RELIEF of a
symptom or for prevention of disease.
 Therapeutic Actions of Drug

1. Palliative
2. Curative
3. Supportive
4. Substitute
5. Chemotherapeutic
6. Restorative
 Identify the purpose of
medications
 1. Nalbuphine HCL
 2. Garamycin
 3. Maalox
 4. Vincristine
 5. Paracetamol
 6. Cytoxan
 7. Humulin R
 8. Essentiale
 9. Iopanoic acid
 10.mannitol
 Kinds of Drug Names

1. Generic Name
2. Brand Name
 Types of Doctor’s Order

1. Standing Order
 Salbutamol (Asmalin) 250mg/5ml syrup, 5 ml p.o.
q8h for 5 days
2. Single Order
 Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 1 ampule TIVT 30
minutes before blood transfusion
3. STAT Order
 Epinephrine 1 ampule now TIVT
4. PRN Order
 Paracetamol 500 mg tablet 1 tab q4h for T >
38.00C
 IDENTIFY THE TYPES OF
DOCTORS ORDER
 1. Nubain 10 mgs IV now
 2. Regular Insulin 5 units every morning
 3. Ampicillin 500mg every 6 hrs for 1 week
 4. Paracetamol 500mgs oral for T- 38.3 and below
 5. Duphalac 30cc HS
 6. Metronidazole 500 mgs /IVT every 6 hrs
 Parts of Legal Doctor’s Order

1. Name of the Patient

2. Date and time of prescription
3. Name of Drug
4. Dose of Drug
5. Route of Administration
6. Frequency
7. Signature of the Physician
PARTS OF LEGAL DOCTOR’S
ORDER
 Parts of a Prescription
Name: Age/Sex:
Address: Date:

Prednisolone (Optipred) 20mg/5ml syrup

#1 30ml bottle
 

Sig: take 3.5 ml p.o. once a day for 3 days then 2

ml p.o. for 2 days to be done after meals
 
Follow-up on Monday August 18, 2012 3pm
 
 
Dr. A. San Luis
 Effects of the Drug

1. Therapeutic effect
2. Side Effect
3. Drug Allergy
4. Anaphylactic Reaction
5. Drug Tolerance
Routes of Drug Adminstration
 ADVANTAGES:
• Most convenient
• Usually less expensive
• Safe, does not break skin barrier

oRaL DISADVANTAGES:
• Inappropriate for client with nausea and
vomiting
• Drugs may have unpleasant taste or odor.
• Drugs may discolor the teeth.
• Drug may irritate gastric mucosa
sUbLiNgUaL
ADVANTAGES:
• Same as oral
• Drugs can be administered for local effect
• Drugs is rapidly absorbed in the blood
stream.

DISADVANTAGES:
• If swallowed, drug may be inactivated by
gastric juices.
• Drug must remain under the tongue until
dissolved and absorbed.
 sustained release
nitroglycerine, opiates,
anti-emetics,
tranquilizers, sedatives.
bUcCaL
ToPiCaL
 DERMATOLOGIC
Lotions, Liniments, Ointments

Wash and pat dry the area

Apply THIN layer
Remove previous application
SURGICAL ASEPSIS – open wound
 OPHTHALMIC
Instillations and Irrigations
 POSITION: SITTING or LYING
 Sterile Technique
 Clean eyelids using sterile cotton balls
 Inner to Outer canthus
 Instill eyedrops into LOWER CONJUNCTIVA SAC
 Maximum of 2 drops. Wait for 5 mins. If additional
drops needs to be administered.
 Expose the Lower Conjuctival Sac and Look up
to the ceiling.
E
S D = side approach (outer 3rd of conjuctiva)
Y
E Explain: DROPS may be tolerated by children than
ointment.
 OTIC
Includes Instillations and Irrigations

INSTILLATIONS - PIE
 To relieve Pain, reduce Inflammation and treat
Infection, soften Earwax.

IRRIGATION - PAF
 To remove Pus and cerumen, Apply heat,
remove Foreign body
WARM the solution. Hot and Cold can cause
vertigo, nausea and pain.
SIDELYING with the ear being treated
uppermost.
Clean PINNA with cotton tipped applicator.
STRAIGHTEN the ear canal
0 - 3 Pull Pinna DOWN and BACK
Older than 3 – UP and BACK

REMAIN Side-lying for 5 minutes.

 EAR – Clean the Pinna
E
W
A RM the medication container in
your hand.
TR AGUS – press to assist flow of
medication in the ear canal.
 NASAL
Have client BLOW nose prior to instillation.

Back lying position; Sit up and Lean back

Elevate the nares slightly by pressing the

THUMB against client’s tip of the nose.

INHALE – SQUEEZE the bottle.

Tilt back for 5 minutes.

Alternate Nares – IF used on daily basis

 VAGINAL
Advantage: Local Therapeutic effect
Disadvantage: Limited use

DRUG FORMS: Tablet, Liquid (Douches),

Cream, Jelly, Foam and Suppository

USE Applicator or STERILE gloves

ReCTaL
 R Rounded edge of the Suppository first
E Encourage DEEP BREATHING: relaxes anal sphincter
4 CClients who are nauseated and vomiting

T Thought to have Higher blood stream levels

A Avoid embedding suppository in feces

L Left Lateral
PaRenTerAL
Intradermal

administration
of drug into
the dermal
layer of skin
beneath the
epidermis
Subcutaneous
INDICATIONS: Vaccines, Insulin, Heparin

DON’T aspirate:
Damage tissue,
bruising
Aspiration not DON’T massage:
recommended Bleeding & bruises
90°
IM
 REMEMBER…
 Use SEPARATE needles for aspiration and
injection of medications.

 Introduce AIR into the Vial before aspiration.

 Introduce needle in a QUICK thrust.

11 Rights of Drug
Administration
 Right Dose

*Formula for computation of Dosage

a) Oral Medications: Solids
Desired dose = quantity of drugs
Stock dose
(D/S=Q)
 

b) Oral/Parenteral Medications: Liquids

Desired dose x dilution = quantity of drugs
Stock dose
(D/S x Dilution = Q)
 COMPUTATION

1. An antihypertensive agent, minodoxil (loniten) 5mg

p.o. is ordered. Stock is 2.5 mg/tab. How many tablets
should be administered?

2. The expectorant guiafenesin (robitussin) 300 mg. po

has been ordered. A bottle is labeled 100 mg / 5ml.
How many mls. Should be given?
 COMPUTATION
 3. Metronidazole 500mgs /IVT Every 6 hrs. Stock
dose 500mgs in 100cc vial

 3. Furosemide 160 mgs /IVT now. Stock is

20mg/amp /2cc
 Cc? Amp?
 Right Attitude

1. Observe the 10 Rights of drug administration

2. Practice asepsis
3. Nurses who administer medications are responsible for their own actions.
4. Be knowledgeable about the medications that you administer
5. Keep narcotics in locked place.
6. Use only medications that are in clearly labeled containers. Relabeling of
drugs is the responsibility of the pharmacist.
7. Return liquid that are cloudy in color in the pharmacy.
8. Before administering medication, identify the client correctly.
9. Do not leave the medication on the bedside
10. The nurse who prepares the drug administers it.
11. When medication is omitted for any reason, record the fact together with
the reason
12. When a medication error is made, report it immediately to the nurse in
charge or physician.