LESSON 4

STATE AND NATION IN

THE AGE OF
GLOBALIZATION
 NATION AND STATE
• Nation and state are two different but
interlinked concept. Different in the sense
that NATION is more cultural and
identity-based term, while STATE mainly
refers to a political entity bounded by a
territory and headed by a government
(Quilop 2006).
SO, WHAT IS A NATION? 3

• A nation is a group of people who see

themselves as a cohesive and coherent unit
based on shared cultural or historical criteria.
Nations are socially constructed units, not given
by nature. Their existence, definition, and
members can change dramatically based on
circumstances. Nations in some ways can be
thought of as “imagined communities” that are
bound together by nations of unity that can
pivot around religion, ethnic identity, language,
cultural practice and so forth
What is a State? 4

• A State is an independent, sovereign

government exercising control over a
certain spatially defined and bounded
area, whose borders are usually
clearly defined and internationally
recognized by other states.
 5

 Both nation and state share the fact

that they refer to a single group of
people despite the difference on
how these groups are organized,
with one stressing a more cultural
organization and the other a more
political one.
THE CREATION OF 6

NATION-STATE
Thus is the creation of the concept nation-state , which
generally refers to a political unit with a defined
territory , government, and constituents that more or
less share the same culture and identity . In a nation-
state , the political organization and the government
are supported by a cultural base of imagined unit and
identity as presented by Benedict Anderson in his most
influential work on nationalism, Imagined
Communities (1991)
THE CREATION OF 7

NATION-STATE
During the late 19th century and 20th century, the
creation of nation-states was experienced in Southeast
Asia, following the decolonization process that started
with the loss of Spanish control over the Philippines in
1898. Decolonization was hastened by different
political and economic turmoil in both Europe and Asia
in the 20th century, such as the first and second World
Wars. These political upheavals ultimately led to the
reconfiguration of power from
THE CREATION OF 8

NATION-STATE
The Europeans to the two superpowers, the Union
Soviet Socialists Republic (USSR) and the United States
of America (USA), and the consequent loss of more
European colonies in Southeast Asia such as Singapore
from the British, and Vietnam from the French.
 WHAT IS
GLOBALIZATION?

• Globalization means we have to re-examine our ideas,

and look at ideas from other countries, other cultures,
and open ourselves to them

-Herbie Hancock
CONCEPT OF 10

GLOBALIZATION
• The concept of globalization is
relatively new. Globalization is an
event and issue that affects all
fields of study, from the social
sciences , natural sciences, to
humanities.
Example of Globalization
11

• Cultures are also being spread without

confining to political boundaries. Like,
the Greek culture is being spread over
Africa, Asia, and Europe which can be
seen in the cities having the name of
Alexander in Africa, Turkey, and Egypt.
However, with the advent of globalization, the
12

defined physical and cultural boundaries

Of nation-states are now being threatened by a
new type of orders that some scholars claim to
have taken its root on various historical
processes such as the colonization during the
16th century. Globalization is a process of
interaction and integration of every landscape
in the planet (Levin Institute 2015). To borrow
Arjun Appadurai’s terms (Appadurai 1996
these landscape include the technoscape 13

(technology), financescape (economics),

ethnoscape (culture and social life) and
ideoscapes (ideas)
HOW GLOBALIZATION 14

INFLUENCES NATION-STATES

• Globalization is a process that is slowly

changing things into one complex
scheme that transcends cultural,
political, and social boundaries – a
system devoid of spatial restraints that
ultimately challenges that very
existence of nation-states.
HOW GLOBALIZATION 15

INFLUENCES NATION-STATES
• Overall, globalization has profound
influence on nation-state in political,
economical and cultural fields. These
three aspects both threatened the nation-
state, it weaken their sovereignty and
make their economic activities unstable
and easy to undermine their national
culture due to the cultural globalization.
THANK YOU
TANA NAKA SABOT MO
ANY QUESTIONS?