PROBLEMS IN TITANIUM DENTAL IMPLANT

AND SOLUTION

RAYAN SAEED ZARYEB

AHMED SALEM ALHARBI
RAKAN SADEE ALOFI
:INTRODUCTION

 Titanium became the most used mineral in dental implants because it showed a remarkable
ability to be directly bonded to the bone. This fundamental discovery, known as a fuse, is
what underlies all of the dental implants.However, it would be wrong to assume that titanium
is actually biocompatible with the body that builds bone around dental implants. Gum tissue
should respond similarly as bones to titanium If it is really biocompatible, but it does not, it
is challenging to make gum tissue grow up and surround the titanium implant.
 Also, there is an issue of allergy from titanium. According to studies 4 percent of people are
allergic to titanium. The symptoms caused by titanium sensitivity are similar to any allergic
response ; unexplained implant failure may be the result of this allergy. According to
statistics, more than 50 percent of people who have sensitivity to titanium have got
unexplained implant failure.other people may experience a slighter reaction to titanium,
including less pronounced symptoms or dental implant problems that may be caused by other
sources.
: EXPLAINING THE PROBLEM

Laboratories using MELISA technology report that approximately 4% of all patients who test
titanium are allergic to titanium. Titanium releases particles and ions through corrosion Like all
metals. Those metal ions bind to the proteins in the body. This new protein / mineral structure
will be attacked by the body immune system. And an immune response may be triggered. The
MELISA test is a scientifically proven test that can carry out an objective test for the presence of
hypersensitivity to titanium and measure its severity.
 In addition to the allergy, Titanium implants are made
up of two parts, the abutment, and the implant body.
This can cause bacteria to grow if there were space
between the two parts which will cause bad breath
 Titanium also has some side effects such as irritation
and sensitivity of the mucous membrane. In addition,
it is a mineral substance, so it is exposed to oxidation
which causes blueness in the gums and causes them to
recede over time.
: SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM

 One excellent solution to all of the Titanium problems is Zirconium. “Zirconium (Zr) is a very
strong metal with similar chemical and physical properties to titanium (Ti). Incidentally, Zr
and Ti are two metals commonly used in implant dentistry, mostly because they do not inhibit
the bone-forming cells (osteoblasts), which are essential for osseointegration“(1).
 Because it is completely inert, Zirconia is a good alternative for people with metal
sensitivities or allergies.

 Zirconia can also convey the color of neighboring teeth. this transparent nature and that it is
made of a wide variety of shades making it easier to match the color of the natural teeth of the
patient.
Titanium Zircon
 Zirconia stents have been observed to have low free surface energy and surface wettability
resulting in reduced bacterial adhesion. Bacterial plaque growing on zirconia surfaces was
judged to be less mature compared to bacterial plaque growing on titanium.
:OTHER ADVANTAGES FOR ZIRCON

 Resistance to tartar formation on the teeth

 It does not need a metallic filler to keep its toughness and durability
 Its durability, in contrast to other materials such as titanium, is less likely to break and corrode
 Maintaining the health of the mouth and dental bones
 Ease of size adjustment: Thanks to the zircon formula and its chemical properties, it is possible to resort to multi-
manufactured methods of patient-friendly zircon dental formulations, which reduces the possibility of error. In
addition to resorting to advanced technologies that make sure of controlling its sizes with the help of a computer.
 Stainless zircon does not transfer heat and cold to the same extent as other materials, and hence it is more
comfortable and convenient for its users.
: CONCLUSION

In the field of biomaterials, evolution is required. there will be a constant looking for new
advanced materials that not only solve other materials problems but also exceeds them and
provides more reliability. For Titanium, Zirconium seems to be the advanced material that we
are looking for. never the less, as there are not many studies have been done on this material, the
conclusions based on these studies should be interpreted with caution. even though these studies
have shown that zirconia stents functioned for up to 4 years without fractures or injuries around
the implant. It can be concluded that zirconium is a suitable material for dental implant
abutments such as titanium in terms of biocompatibility. Which has also been confirmed in
clinical studies aimed at keeping the soft tissues around the implant healthy.
: REFERENCES

 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5455532/#B1-materials-08-04978 (1)
 http://www.unitau.br/files/arquivos/category_1/doutorado___ARTIGO_PRTESE_3_1386782049.pdf
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6409289/pdf/40729_2019_Article_162.pdf
 http://m.zotiontech-sa.com/info/the-benefits-of-zirconium-alloy-and-metal-free-30278698.html
 https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/dmj/39/1/39_2019-172/_pdf
 https://res.mdpi.com/d_attachment/materials/materials-08-00932/article_deploy/materials-08-00932.pdf
 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/prd.12180?cookieSet=1