MEASURES OF

VARIABILITY
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
 define range, quartile deviation, mean absolute
deviation, standard deviation, and variance;
 solve the range, quartile deviation, mean absolute
deviation, standard deviation, and variance of
grouped and ungrouped data;
 use calculator to facilitate faster and easier
computations; and
 develop self-confidence in solving problems by
personally engaging in computation process.
RANGE
- the difference between the largest and the lowest
values in the set of numerical data
QUARTILE DEVIATION / SEMI-
INTERQUARTILE RANGE
- half the difference between P75 and P25 in the
distribution

INTERQUARTILE RANGE
- the difference between P75 and P25 in the distribution
MEAN ABSOLUTE DEVIATION
- also called Average Deviation
- measures the absolute dispersion that is affected by every
individual score

STANDARD DEVIATION
 most important measure of variability
 involves all the individual values of the items rather than
through extreme scores

VARIANCE
- square of deviation from the mean
 Interpretation of Data
 The lesser the value of the measure, the more
consistent, the more homogeneous and the less
scattered are the observations in the set of data.

 If there is a large amount of variation, then on

average, the data values will be far from the
mean. Hence, SD will be large.

 If there is only a small amount of variation, then on

average, the data values will be close to the
mean. Hence, SD will be small.
Ungrouped Data
Finding the RANGE

Personality Dev’t
Course Test R = Hs - L s
34 = 49 - 19
49 = 30
23
Therefore, the range of
20 the scores of 5 students
in Personality Dev’t
Course Test is 30.
19
Ungrouped Data
Finding the RANGE
The following are the final grades of
10 NDMU students in Statistics:

1. 3,1.3,
1.0, 2.5,1.5,
1.0,1.8,
2.0,1.9,
1.8,2.0,
1.9,2.1,
2.1,2.5,
2.7,2.7,
3.0,3.0
1.5

R = Hs - Ls
Therefore, the range of
the final grades of
= 3.0 – 1.0 NDMU students in
Statistics is 2.
= 2
Ungrouped Data
Finding the QUARTILE DEVIATION

Personality Dev’t 𝒏 𝟓 𝒔𝒕
Course Test = =𝟏.𝟐𝟓𝒐𝒓 𝟏 QD =
𝟒 𝟒
34
𝟑𝒏 𝟑 ( 𝟓 ) 𝒕𝒉 QD =
49 = =𝟑.𝟕𝟓𝒐𝒓 𝟒
𝟒 𝟒
23 QD = 7.5

20
Therefore, the quartile deviation of the scores of
19 5 students in Personality Dev’t Course Test is
7.5.
Ungrouped Data
Finding the QUARTILE DEVIATION
The following are the final grades of
10 NDMU students in Statistics:

3, 1.3,
1. 0, 2.5, 1.5,
1.0, 1.8,
2.0, 1.9,
1.8, 2.0,
1.9, 2.1, 2.5,
2.7, 2.7,
3.0, 3.0
1.5

Therefore, the quartile

deviation of the final
QD = ½ or 0.5 grades of NDMU
students in Statistics is
0.5.
Ungrouped Data
Finding the MEAN ABSOLUTE
DEVIATION
x |x – x|-
MAD =
34 5 -
X = 29 =
49 20
= 10
23 6

20 9
Therefore, the mean absolute deviation of the
19 10
scores of 5 students in Personality Dev’t Course

n=5 - Test is 10.

∑|x – x| = 50
Ungrouped Data

Finding the MEAN ABSOLUTE DEVIATION

The following are the final grades of
10 BSBA students in Statistics:
1. 3, 2.5, 1.0, 2.0, 1.8, 1.9, 2.1, 2.7, 3.0, 1.5

Therefore, the mean

absolute deviation of the
MAD = 0.48 final grades of BSBA
students in Statistics is
0.48.
Ungrouped Data
Finding the STANDARD DEVIATION
Population:

=
34 5 25
=
49 20 400

23 -6 36 = 11.33

20 -9 81
Therefore, the population standard
19 -10 100 deviation of the scores of 5 students
in Personality Dev’t Course Test is
𝟐
n=5 ∑ ( 𝒙−𝝁 ) =𝟔𝟒𝟐 11.33.
Ungrouped Data
Finding theSTANDARD
Sample: DEVIATION

=
34 5 25
=
49 20 400

23 -6 36 = 12.67

20 -9 81
Therefore, the sample standard
19 -10 100 deviation of the scores of 5 students
in Personality Dev’t Course Test is
𝟐
N=5 ∑ ( 𝒙 − 𝒙 ) =𝟔𝟒𝟐 12.67.
Ungrouped Data
Finding the STANDARD DEVIATION
Sample and Population:
The following are the final grades of
10 BSBA students in Statistics:

1. 3, 2.5, 1.0, 2.0, 1.8, 1.9, 2.1, 2.7, 3.0, 1.5

= 0.59 Therefore, the population and

sample standard deviations of the
final grades of BSBA students in
Statistics are 0.59 and 0.63
= 0.63 respectively .
Ungrouped Data
Finding the VARIANCE
Population:

2
=
34 5 25
=
49 20 400

23 -6 36 = 128.4

20 -9 81
Therefore, the population variance
19 -10 100 of the scores of 5 students in
Personality Dev’t Course Test is
𝟐
n=5 ∑ ( 𝒙−𝝁 ) =𝟔𝟒𝟐 128.4.
Ungrouped Data
Finding the VARIANCE
Sample:

s2 =
34 5 25
=
49 20 400

23 -6 36 = 160.5

20 -9 81
Therefore, the sample variance
19 -10 100 of the scores of 5 students in
Personality Dev’t Course Test is
𝟐
N=5 ∑ ( 𝒙 − 𝒙 ) =𝟔𝟒𝟐 160.5.
Ungrouped Data
Finding the VARIANCE
Sample and Population:
The following are the final grades of
10 BSBA students in Statistics:

1. 3, 2.5, 1.0, 2.0, 1.8, 1.9, 2.1, 2.7, 3.0, 1.5

2
= 0.35 Therefore, the population and
sample variances of the final
grades of BSBA students in
2
= 0.39 Statistics are 0.35 and 0.39
respectively.
Grouped Data
Finding the RANGE
Class Intervals Frequency
61 – 65 6
56 – 60 2
51 – 55 15
46 – 50 10
41 – 45 7

R = Hul - Lll
Therefore, the range
R = 65 - 41 is 24.
R = 24
Grouped Data
Finding the RANGE
Class Intervals Frequency
239 – 245 3
232 – 238 9
225 – 231 7
218 – 224 10
211 – 217 8
204 – 210 4
197 – 203 5
190 – 196 4

R = Hul - Lll
Therefore, the range
R = 245 - 190 is 55.
R = 55
 Grouped Data
Finding the SEMI-INTERQUARTILE RANGE
Class
ClassIntervals
Intervals Frequency <cf
Frequency
6161
– 65
– 65 6 6 40 Q1 = n/4
56 – 60 2 34 = 40/4
56 – 60 2 = 10th
51 – 55 15 32
Q3 Class 51 – 55 15 Q3 = 3n/4
46 – 50 10 17 = 3(40)/4
46 – 50 10 = 30th
Q1 Class
41 – 45 7 7
41 – 45 7
n = 40
Q1 = Lcb + Q3 = Lcb + QD =

= 45.5 + 5 = 50.5 + 5 QD =

= 47 = 54.83333333 QD = 3.92

Therefore, the Semi-interquartile Range or Quartile Deviation is 3.92.

Grouped Data
Finding the SEMI-INTERQUARTILE
Class Intervals
Class
RANGE
Intervals Frequency
Frequency <cf
239 239
– 245
– 245 3 3 50
232 232
– 238
– 238 9 9 47 Q1 = n/4
225 225
– 231
– 231 7 7 38 = 50/4
Q3 Class = 12.5th
218 218
– 224
– 224 10 10 31
211 –211
217– 217 8 8 21 Q3 = 3n/4
= 3(50)/4
204 204
– 210
– 210 4 4 13
= 37.5th
Q1 Class 197 197
– 203
– 203 5 5 9
190 190
– 196
– 196 4 4 4
n = 50
Q1 = Lcb + Q3 = Lcb + c
QD =

= 203.5 + 7 = 224.5 + QD =

= 209.625 = 231 QD = 10.69

Therefore, the Semi-interquartile Range or Quartile Deviation is 10.69.
Grouped Data
Finding the MEAN ABSOLUTE DEVIATION
Class Frequency Class Mark
Intervals Classf Intervals x Frequency
|x-x| -
f|x-x| -
61 – 65 61
6 – 65 63 6
11.25 67.5
56 – 60 56
2 – 60 58 2
6.25 12.5
51 – 55 51 – 55
15 53 15
1.25 18.75
46 – 50 46 – 50
10 48 10
3.75 37.5
41 – 45 41
7 – 45 43 8.757 61.25
n = 40 = 197.5 -
-x = 51.75
MAD = =
= 197.5-
= 4.94
Therefore, the Mean Absolute Deviation is 4.94.
Grouped Data
Finding the MEAN ABSOLUTE DEVIATION
Class
Class Intervals
Intervals Class
Frequency
f
Frequency
x
Mark -
|x-x| -
f|x-x|
239 – 245 3
239 – 245 232 – 3238 242 9 22.82 68.46
232 – 238 225 – 9231 235 7 15.82 142.38
225 – 231 218 – 7224 228 10 8.82 61.74
218 – 224 1.82 18.2
211 –10217 221 8
211 – 217 204 – 8210 214 4 5.18 41.44
204 – 210 197 – 4203 207 5 12.18 48.72
197 – 203 190 – 5196 200 4 19.18 95.9
190 – 196 4 193 26.18 104.72
n = 50 = 581.56 -
-x = 219.18
MAD = =
-
= 581.56
= 11.6312 or 11.63
Therefore, the Mean Absolute Deviation is 11.63.
Grouped Data
Finding the STANDARD DEVIATION
Class
Class Frequency
Class Intervals
Mark fxFrequency f
Intervals f
61 – 65 x 63 378 6 23814
3969
61 – 65 6 56 – 60 2
58 116 3364 6728
56 – 60 2 51 – 55 15
53 795 2809 42135
51 – 55 15 46 – 50 102304
48 480 23040
46 – 50 10 41 – 45 7
43 301 1849 12943
41 – 45 7
n = 40 = 2070 = 108660

s=
s=
= 6.28
Therefore, the Standard Deviation is 6.28.
Grouped Data
Finding the STANDARD DEVIATION
Class Class Intervals
Frequency Class MarkFrequency
fx x² fx²
Intervals f239 – 245 x 3
239 – 245 3232 – 238 242 9726 58564 175692
232 – 238 9225 – 231 235 72115 55225 497025
225 – 231 7218 – 224 228 1596
10 51984 363888
48841
218 – 224 10211 – 217 221 82210 488410
211 – 217 8204 – 210 214 41712 45796 366368
204 – 210 4197 – 203 207 5828 42849 171396
197 – 203 5190 – 196 200 41000 40000 200000
190 – 196 4 193 772 37249 148996
n = 50 = 10959 = 2411775

s=
s=
= 14.13
Therefore, the Standard Deviation is 14.13.
Grouped Data
Finding the VARIANCE
Class
Class Frequency
Class Intervals
Mark fxFrequency f
Intervals f
61 – 65 x 63 378 6
3969 23814
61 – 65 6 56 – 60 2
58 116 3364 6728
56 – 60 2 51 – 55 15
53 795 2809 42135
51 – 55 15 46 – 50 102304
48 480 23040
46 – 50 10 41 – 45 7
43 301 1849 12943
41 – 45 7
N = 40 = 2070 = 108660

s =
2 s2 =

= 39.42
Therefore, the Variance is 39.42.
Grouped Data
Finding the VARIANCE
Class Class Intervals
Frequency Class MarkFrequency
fx x² fx²
Intervals f239 – 245 x 3
239 – 245 3232 – 238 242 9726 58564 175692
232 – 238 9225 – 231 235 72115 55225 497025
225 – 231 7218 – 224 228 1596
10 51984 363888
48841
218 – 224 10211 – 217 221 82210 488410
211 – 217 8204 – 210 214 41712 45796 366368
204 – 210 4197 – 203 207 5828 42849 171396
197 – 203 5190 – 196 200 41000 40000 200000
190 – 196 4 193 772 37249 148996
N = 50 = 10959 = 2411775

s2 =
s2 =
= 199.62
Therefore, the Variance is 199.62.
SEATWORK:

Find the range, quartile deviation, mean absolute

deviation, standard deviation, and variance of the
following grouped data:

Class Intervals Frequency Class Intervals Frequency

91.6 – 95.6 3 700 – 711 5

712 – 723 7
86.5 – 90.5 5
724 – 735 9
81.4 – 85.4 13
736 – 747 14
76.3 – 80.3 11
748 – 759 10
71.2 – 75.2 8 760 – 771 5
66.1 – 70.1 10 772 – 783 5