China in the Middle Ages

Formation of a unified state in China. Sui Dynasty. The development of

feudal relations in China contributed to the formation of a single state
here again.
The general Yang Jiang became the founder of the Sui Dynasty (586-
618). Chang'an City became the capital of the country. The empire was
re-established in China.
State Feudalism

• State feudalism existed in China. The emperor handed out

conditional land plots to commanders and officials for faithful service.
The owners of these lands gradually turned into feudal lords.
• At that time in China, large feudal lords were called "strong families."
Most of them seized the land of the peasants.
• The peasants found themselves in a position dependent on them.
The dependent peasants were charged a rent - toyju. Beginning in
the 8th century, feudal lords began to seize state lands as well.
The economy

• The economy was developed in China. By decree of the emperor, the

Great Canal was drawn, connecting the Yangtze and Hwang Ho rivers,
and also connecting these rivers with the sea coast.
• A special device was invented to ensure the delivery of water to the
coast. Silk-weaving machines were improved.
 Tang Dynasty.

• Tang Dynasty. In 618, the Tang Dynasty came to power in China.

This dynasty ruled the country for about 300 years. The emperor
from the Tang dynasty, deified, was called the "Son of Heaven."
During the Tang Dynasty, Korea and Vietnam were subordinated to
China. The Chinese army seized control of part of the Great Silk
Road as far as Central Asia. The Great Silk Road has strengthened
trade ties between China and the Central Asian states, Azerbaijan,
Iran and Byzantium. However, in 751, after China was defeated by
the Arabs, this path came under the control of the Arabs, and thus
a huge blow to trade relations between the West and China.

• In China, the cultivation of rice, tea, the production of porcelain

(çini qablar, фарфор) dishes and silk have traditionally been
developed. China maintained trade ties with countries located on
the coast of the Indian Ocean along the sea route.
 Sun Dynasty. Mongol
invasion.
• Sun Dynasty. Mongol invasion. In 960, the
Sun dynasty came to power in China.
During the reign of the Sun Dynasty,
peasant uprisings constantly occurred, the
country was exposed to invasions of
neighboring states.
• In 1215, the troops of the great Mongol
Khan - Genghis Khan captured Northern
China. After a long struggle, the Mongols
completely subjugated China. China
became the main part of the Mongol
Empire. The capital of the Mongol Empire
was moved to the city of Beijing.
 Ming Dynasty. The expulsion
of the Mongols from China
• In the middle of the XIV century in China, as a result of a popular
movement against the Mongol yoke, the country regained its
independence. The Ming dynasty (1368-1644) came to power.

• In the early days of the Ming dynasty, the lands taken from the Mongol
feudal lords were distributed to the peasants. The peasants were
exempted from taxes and duties for three years.

• The taxes levied on merchants and artisans were reduced. All these
measures in the 15th century contributed to the development of the
economy in China.