Basic Calculus

Mr. Arfred L. Natividad

alfred.natividad@cfa.edu.ph

Basic Calculus

Senior High School – Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

 Basic Calculus
COURSE OUTLINE
I. Limits and Continuity
Lesson 1: The Limit of a Function
Lesson 2: Limits of Some Transcendental Functions and
Some Indeterminate Forms
Lesson 3: Continuity of a Function

Basic Calculus

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II.Derivatives
Lesson 4: The Derivative as the slope of the Tangent
Line
Lesson 5: Rules of Differentiation
Lesson 6: Optimization
Lesson 7: Higher-Order Derivatives
Lesson 8: Implicit Differentiation
Lesson 9: Related Rates
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III.Integration
Lesson 10: Integration/Antiderivative
Lesson 11: Techniques of Integration
Lesson 12: Application of Integration in Life Science
Lesson 13: Riemann Sums and Definite Integral
Lesson 14: The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Lesson 15: Integration Technique: The Substitution Rule for Definite
Integrals
Lesson 16: Application of Definite Integrals in the Computation of Plane
Areas
Basic Calculus

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 Grading System
Written Works ONLINE QUIZZES
(25%)
Performance PRODUCTS
Based Assessment WRITTEN OUTPUTS
(45%) PERFORMANCE
Quarterly PRELIM EXAM
Assessment MIDTERM EXAM
(30%) FINAL EXAM

Basic Calculus

Senior High School – Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

 What is
?

[− 𝟐𝟏]
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 Solve for if .
Simply your answer.

[ 𝒚
𝒚 −𝟐 ]

Basic Calculus

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 What is the largest
integer less than ?
[ − 𝟏𝟓 ]

Basic Calculus

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If has 30 element, has
15, and has 38, how
many elements does
have?

[𝟕 ]
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 If , compute .

[ 𝟏𝟖 ]
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 What is the -intercept
of the line passing
through and with slope

[ − 𝟏𝟒 ]
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If the difference between the
square of a positive integer
and the integer before it is
33, what is the integer?

[ 𝟏𝟕 ]
Basic Calculus

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 If , what is

[ −
𝟕
𝟐 ]

Basic Calculus

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What is the fourth
power of

[ 𝟔+𝟒 √ 𝟐 ]
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 Simplify

[ 𝟑
𝟐𝒌 ]

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Find the least value of
that satisfy the
inequality
. 𝟑
[ 𝟒 ]

Basic Calculus

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 Two chords of a circle intersect
inside it. If the segments of one
chord are 12 and 16 cm long, and
one segment of the second chord is
24 cm, how long is the other
segment of the second chord?

[ 𝟖 𝒄𝒎 ]
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What is the center of the
circle with equation

[ (𝟎 , 𝟐) ]
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 Solve for

[ 𝟏𝟏
𝟐 ]

Basic Calculus

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Four men working for four
days can paint 4 cars. How
many cars can 6 men
working for 6 days paint?

[ 𝟗 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒔 ]

Basic Calculus

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Find the solution set of the
inequality
.

[ {− 𝟐}∪ [𝟎 , 𝟒 ]]
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What is the perimeter
of a square that is
inscribed in a circle
with circumference
cm?
[ 𝟒 √ 𝟓 𝒄𝒎 ]
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 Lesson 1:
Limits of a Function

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 Topic 1.1:
Limits of a Function

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Consider a function of a single
variable . Consider a constant which
the variable will approach may or may
not be in the domain of ). The limit, to
be denoted by , is the unique real value
that will approach as approaches . In
symbols, we write this process as

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Consider

Approaching 2 from its left Approaching 2 from its right

1 4 2.5 8.5
1.4 5.2 2.2 7.6
1.7 6.1 2.1 7.3
1.9 6.7 2.03 7.09
1.997 6.991 2.009 7.027
1.9999 6.9997 2.0005 7.0015

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Observe that as values of get closer
and closer to , the values of get closer
and closer to . This behavior can be
shown no matter what set of values, or
what direction, is taken in approaching .
In symbols,

Basic Calculus

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HALIMBAWA 1: Investigate

from the left from the right

-1.5 3.25 -0.5 1.25

-1.2 2.44 -0.8 1.64
-1.01 2.0201 -0.99 1.9801
-1.0001 2.00020001 -0.9999 1.99980001

Hence,

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HALIMBAWA 2: Investigate

+¿ ¿
𝟎 −
𝟎

-0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

-0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
-0.00009 0.00009 0.00009 0.00009
-0.000001 0.000001 0.000001 0.000001

Hence,

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HALIMBAWA 3: Investigate

+¿ ¿
𝟏 −
𝟏

0.5 1.5
0.88 1.17
0.996 1.003
0.9999 1.0001
Hence,

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HALIMBAWA 4: Investigate

If

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 𝒙<𝟒 𝒙 ≥ 𝟒

3.7 4.3
3.85 4.1
3.995 4.001
3.99999 4.0001

In such a case, we say that the limit of a

function . In symbols,
.
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Remark 1: We do not say that “equals DNE”,

nor do we write , because “DNE” is not a value.

In the previous example, “DNE” indicated that

the function moves in different directions as

its variable approaches from the left and from

the right.

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Remark 2:
• If approaches from the left, or through
values less than , then we write
• If approaches from the right, or through
values greater than , then we write
Furthermore, we say

iff

Basic Calculus

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In other words, for a limit to exist, the limits
from the left and from the right must both
exist and be equal to . Therefore,
whenever .

These limits and , are also referred to as

one-sided limits, since you only consider
values on one side of .

Basic Calculus

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LOOKING AT THE
GRAPH OF

Consider again

Hence, the graph clearly

confirms that

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Consider again

Hence, the graph clearly

confirms that

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Consider again

Hence, the graph clearly confirms that

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Consider again

provided . Hence, the

graph of is also the graph
of , excluding the point
where .

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Consider again

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HALIMBAWA 5: Consider the function
whose graph is shown below.
Determine the ff.

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 Topic 1.2:
The Limit of a Function
at versus the Value of
the Function at
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Hb 1. Consider

Approaching 2 from its left Approaching 2 from its right

1 4 2.5 8.5
1.4 5.2 2.2 7.6
1.7 6.1 2.1 7.3
1.9 6.7 2.03 7.09
1.997 6.991 2.009 7.027
1.9999 6.9997 2.0005 7.0015

Basic Calculus

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In comparison, . So, in this
example and are equal.
Hb 2.

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This, however, is not always the case.
Hb 3. Consider the function

Hence, and are not the same.

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Hb 4. Consider the function

Basic Calculus

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Practice Exercise
1. Consider the function whose graph is shown below.

Basic Calculus

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