LESSON 2: HUMAN RIGHTS

AND THE GRASSROOTS

GROUP 1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS.
01. HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS AMONG THE GRASSROOTS

 The Urban Poor

 The Indigenous People

 The Fisherfolk Sector

 The Small Farmers

 TABLE OF CONTENTS.
02. HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE GRASSROOTS

 Human Rights and the Urban Poor

 Human Rights and the Indigenous Community

 Human Rights and the Fisherfolk

 Human Rights and the Small Farmers

HUMAN RIGHTS
VIOLATIONS
AMONG THE
GRASSROOTS
THE URBAN
POOR
 A. THE URBAN POOR
 constitute a sector in our society whose basis human rights to continue to be violated.
 right to life, liberty, and property
 right to due process of law
 right to an adequate standards of living
 right to left
 right to securing in their homes against unreasonable searches and seizures
 right to participate in decision making of programs that directly affect them
THE INDIGENOUS
PEOPLE
 B. THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
 these community are usually called the tribal people’s or ethnic minorities. The tribal
Filipinos are traditional practitioners of the much maligned and widely misunderstood
sitting method of cultivation called “kaingin.”
 after many years of encroachment, the tribal community is closely woven with the forest.
- loggers - lowland migrants - right to their ancestral domains
- ranchers - government corporations - right to customary law
- miners - the right to self determination
THE FISHERFOLK
SECTOR
 C. THE FISHERFOLK SECTOR

 one of the most exploited sectors in the country. No substantial improvement occurred in
the lives of millions of subsistence fisherfolks.
 Presidential Decree 704, more exploitation took place in the fishery sector.
 it allowed the exploitation of national resources by encouraging investment that will generate
capital.
THE SMALL
FARMERS
 D. THE SMALL FARMERS

 Play a significant role in the Philippines economy. They are the major supplies of country’s
basic staple food. As SALIGAN (nd), pointed out, they support the very economy the whole
nation depends.
 According to Atty. Jefferson (nd), the small farmers have the rights to receive [a] just share of
the fruits of their production and to live a descent lives in a community with the rest of the
society.
HUMAN RIGHTS
AND THE
GRASSROOTS
HUMAN RIGHTS
AND THE
URBAN POOR
 A. HUMAN RIGHTS AND
THE URBAN POOR
 1.1. Part III of the international covenant on economic, social, and cultural rights.
- it recognizes the right of everyone to an adequate food, clothing and housing, and to
the continuous improvement of living conditions.
 1.2. Article III, Section 9 of the Philippine Constitution.
- the states shall promotes a just and dynamic social order that will ensure prosperity
and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through policies that;
 A. HUMAN RIGHTS AND
THE URBAN POOR
 Provide adequate social services
 Promote full employment
 A rising standard of living
 Improved quality of life for all
 1.3. Article XIII, Section 9 of the Philippines Constitution.
- the state shall by law and for the common good, undertake a continuity program for
urban and reform of housing and basic services to the privilege and homeless citizen.
 A. HUMAN RIGHTS AND
THE URBAN POOR
 1.4. Article XIII, Section 10 of the Philippines Constitution.
- urban and rural poor dwellers shall not be evicted nor their dwellings demolished
except in accordance with the law, and in a just and humane manners.
1.5. R.A 7279 Urban and Development Housing Act of 1992.
- this is the law passed to respond to the needs and concerns of the urban sector,
particularly on servicing of tenure and adequate housing.
 A. HUMAN RIGHTS AND
THE URBAN POOR
 designed to uplift the conditions of the underprivileged and homeless citizens by making
 available at affordable cost decent housing
 basic services
 employment opportunities.
 HUMAN RIGHTS
AND THE
INDIGENOUS CULTURAL
COMMUNITIES
 B. HUMAN RIGHTS AND
INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITIES

 2.1. Article’s I and VII of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

- all human being are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with
reasons and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
- all are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination in violation of
this declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.
 B. HUMAN RIGHTS AND
INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITIES

 2.2 United Nation’s International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights.
- it states that all people have the right to self-determination they freely determine their
political status and can freely pursue their;
economic, social, and cultural development.
 B. HUMAN RIGHTS AND
INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITIES
ARTICLE 2.
 2.3. United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
- with ethnic
- religious
- linguistic minorities exist
- in community with other members of their group, to enjoy their own culture, to profess
an practice their own religion, and to serve their own language.
 B. HUMAN RIGHTS AND
INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITIES
 2.4 1987 Philippine Constitution (Article 2, Sec.5)
- the state subject to the provisions of this constitution and national development
policies and programs; economic, social, and cultural well-being
 2.5 RA 57 known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law
- this act states that; ancestral lands of each indigenous cultural community shall
include, but not limited to, lands in the actual continuous open possession and
occupation of the community and its members; provided that the Torrent System shall be
respected.
 B. HUMAN RIGHTS AND
INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITIES
 2.6. Resolution 1803 of the United Nations General Assembly
- violation of the rights of people and nations to sovereignty over the natural wealth and
resources and hinders the development of international cooperation and maintenance of
the peace.
ARTICLE III.
 2.7. International Labor Organization in Convention 107
a. in defining the right and duties
b. people shall be allowed to retain their own customs and institutions
c. the applications of the prerecording paragraphs of this article shall not prevent
members of these population
 B. HUMAN RIGHTS AND
INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITIES
 2.8. Philippine Constitution (Article XII, Section 5.)
- the congress may provide for the applicability of customary laws governing property
rights or relations.
HUMAN RIGHTS
AND THE
FISHERFOLKS
 C. HUMAN RIGHTS AND
THE FISHERFOLKS

- recognizing the rights of the subsistence fisherfolks

 3.1. National and Economic Patrimony of the Philippine Constitution
Article XII, Section 2; Philippine Constitution guarantees priority subsistence fishermen
and fisher-workers in the small scale utilization of natural resources.
 3.2. Natural Resources Reform Under Social Justice and Human Rights
Article XIII, Sec. 7; mandates the state to protect the rights of subsistence fishermen
and local communities of the preferential use of communal marine and inland fishery
resources.
 C. HUMAN RIGHTS AND
THE FISHERFOLKS
 3.3. Philippine Constitution
Article II, Section 19. The state will develop a self-reliant and independent national
economy effectively controlled by Filipinos.
 3.4. Republic Act 8550 of the Fisheries Code of 1998
- this law provides a new perspective on the fishery sector and fishing industry, it gives
high regard to:
- food security - protection of the Philippine Fishery resources
- proper utilization
- management
- conservation; and
 C. HUMAN RIGHTS AND
THE FISHERFOLKS
 3.5. Republic Act 66567 Agrarian Reform Law
- state shall protect the rights of subsistence fishermen, specially of local communities,
to the preferential use of communal marine and fishing resources, both inland and
offshore.
HUMAN RIGHTS
AND SMALL
FARMERS
 D. HUMAN RIGHTS AND
SMALL FARMERS
 4.1. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
- the Philippines has long been a signatory of the International Covenant in civil and
political rights as well as economic, social, and cultural rights.
 4.2. Republic Act 6657 or the Agrarian Reform Law
- sec 2 on the Declaration of Principles and Policies: it is the policy of the State to pursue a
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARP). The welfare of the landless farmers and farm
workers will receive the highest consideration to promote social justice and to move the nation
towards sound rural development and industrialization, and the establishment of owner
cultivator-ship of economic sized farms as the basis of Philippine agriculture.
THANK YOU!
GROUP 1: HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE
GRASSROOTS (LESSON 2)

VILLAZORDA
CANOY
DAROOL
TANGUAN
UBANAN