Straight Line Motion (2)

Pangestu B Darmo

03_Straight Line Motion

 Straight Line Motion (Previous)
• Position (Posisi)
• Displacement (Pergeseran)
• Speed (Kecepatan)
• Velocity (Kelajuan)

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 Instantaneous Velocity and Speed
Satuan jarak terhadap satuan waktu

 Instantaneous velocity (or simply

velocity) is the average velocity over a
very short period of time interval

 Velocity v at any instant is the slope of the

position-time curve.

 Instantaneous speed (or simply speed) is the magnitude of velocity, that is, speed is
velocity without any indication of direction

What is the
car’s vavg?

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 Instantaneous Velocity

Delta x = 32m, delta t =10s

instantaneous velocity v = slope of curve at any point

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 Instantaneous Velocity
(Example: Elevator Cab)
Figure (a) on the right is an x(t) plot for an elevator
cab that is initially stationary, then moves upward
(which we take to be the positive direction of x),
and then stops. Plot v(t).
 The slope of x(t), which is the v(t), is zero in the
intervals from 0 to 1 s and from 9 s on  the cab
is stationary in these intervals.
 During the interval bc, the slope is nonzero
constant  the cab moves with constant velocity.

 Between 1 s and 3 s the cab begins to move, and

between 8 s and 9 s it slows down  the velocity
of the cab varies. ● Given v(t), can you
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determine x(t) exactly?
 Motion with Constant Velocity
constant

Taking at time t0 = 0 the position

Motion with constant velocity is at x0  c = x0
on x-t graph
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 Position, Time, and Velocity

What is the
velocity a cyclist
for each stage
of this trip? V = 0m/s

V = 2m/s V = -1 m/s

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 Acceleration
 Average acceleration is the ratio of
change in velocity to the time
interval.

 Instantaneous acceleration (or

simply acceleration) is the derivative
of the velocity with respect to time.

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 Acceleration
• Compare the a(t) curve with the v(t)
curve.
• Each point on the a(t) curve shows the
derivative (slope) of the v(t) curve at the
corresponding time.
• When v is constant, the derivative is zero
 a is also zero.
• When the cab first begin to move, the
v(t) curve has a positive derivation,
which means that a(t) is positive.
• When the cab slows to a stop, the
derivative of v(t) is negative; that is, a(t)
is negative.
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 Motion with Constant Acceleration
constant

Motions with constant Taking at time t0 = 0 the velocity equals

acceleration on v-t graph v0  c = v0

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 Motion with Constant Acceleration

Taking at time t0 = 0 the

Motions with constant position is at x0  c = x0
acceleration on v-t graph

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 Motion with Constant Acceleration

From these two

equations, the
following equations
can be derived:

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 Example: Particle’s Movement
The position of a particle is given by x = 4t2 – 2t + 10, where x is the distance from origin in
meters and t the time in seconds.

(a) Find the displacement of the particle for the time

interval from t = 1 s to t = 2 s.

.
(b) Find also the average velocity for the above
given time interval.

(c) Find the instantaneous velocity of the

particle at t = 0.5 s.
At t = 0.5 s,
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 Questions
What is velocity in What is acceleration
intervals A, B, C, D in intervals A, B, C

0m/s
0m/s -0.5m/s
1m/s
2m/s
-1.5 m/s
2m/s

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 Example: Porsche
Spotting a police car, you brake a Porsche from a speed of 100 km/h to a speed of 80.0 km/h
during a displacement of 88.0 m, at a constant acceleration.

(a) What is that acceleration?

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 Example: Porsche
Spotting a police car, you brake a Porsche from a speed of 100 km/h to a speed of 80.0 km/h
during a displacement of 88.0 m, at a constant acceleration.

(b) How much time is required for the given decrease in

speed?

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