PROF.

YIDIS FLORES (MTIE 702) COMPOSITION AND STYLISTIC OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Completely Assimilated
Borrowings

Group Members
Gerardo Díaz
Laura Araúz
Liriseth Del Cid
Lilibeth Chanis
Karen Sánchez
 Introduction
• The word-stock of the English language is
only 25% Native words and 75%borrowed
words.

• The English language borrowed from

German, Latin, French, etc.

• The process of changing the adopted words

is called assimilation.
 Clasification of Borrowings
What is assimilation?
Assimilation is the process of
adjusting a word to the
phonetic and lexico-
Types of assimilation
grammatical norms of the
language. ​
Phonetic

Grammatical
Loan Words
Lexical

Loan Shifts
 Clasification According to the Degree of
Completely Assimilated
Borrowings
All phonetic,
morphological and
semantic rules of
English and are not
perceived as borrowings.
Assimilation ​
Partially Assimilated
Barbarisms
Borrowings
Foreign pronunciation Foreign words used by
English people in oral
Foreign morphological speech or in writing but
characteristics not assimilated in any
way. They usually have
Not assimilated semantically corresponding English
equivalents.
 Completely Assimilated Borrowings
What are they?
A borrowing or loanword is a
word adopted from one language
(the donor language) and
incorporated into another
without translation.

Words which have undergone all

types of assimilation. Such words
are frequently used and are
stylistically neutral and they take
an active part in wordformation.
 Characteristics
a s si m il a te d v er b s
They do not feel as Completely
la r v er b s an d f o l low
foreign words in the belong to regu o n
l e s o f c o n ju g at i
the standard ru
language

Nouns form thei

r plural by addin
g Completely assimilated
an s. As opposed
to non
assimilated noun words can also change
s which keep
their original plu phonetically.
ral forms
(phenomenon - p
henomena)
Completely Borrowed Words and their language
of origin ​

Germanic and Old English Early Modern English

Period
Words borrowed from
Words borrowed from Arabic.
Latin.
Modern English Words
Middle English Period

Words borrowed from Words borrowed from

French, and Russian, and many other
Scandinavian. languages.
 Examples of Completely Assimilated Borrowings ​

Latin French Affixes Spanish

Cheese, street, wall or wine age, -ance/-ence, -ant/-ent, - Ranch, taco, tornado,
ity, -ment, -tion, etc. tortilla, vigilante

Scandinavian Arabic Chinese

Husband, fellow, gate, algebra, algorithm, almanac, Ketchup, tea, ginseng

root, wing orange, sugar, zero, coffee

French German African Languages

Battle, navy, soldier, salmon, Hamburger, kindergarten, Banana , gorilla, jazz, jitters, yam,
butcher, art, dance, letter, etc. Oktoberfest. zebra, zombie
 Conclusion
• Words are classified by aspect and its degree of
assimilation; and the origin of English words may
be subdivided into two main sets: native words and
borrowed ones.

• Changes begin to occur to a word used for any

length of time. Pronunciation and spelling become
closer to the borrowing language.

• Borrowing is a sociolinguistic process that is not

valued by everyone into a language community:
France.
 Bibliography

English Words, Francis Katamba, (Routledge, 2005).

https://kpfu.ru/docs/F1797492221/Lectures.on.Le_icology1.pdf

https://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/structure/borrowed.html

https://studfile.net/preview/4465975/page:14/