Instructor:  
      Aqsa Sajjad
IUB RYK CAMPUS
    
        
                     STATISTICS
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                                  STATISTICS???
Basics of statistics

• Definition of Statistics

• Stages of statistics

• Uses of statistics

• Types of statistics

• Must have knowledge for beginners

What is Statistics?

• A branch of mathematics which deals with the collection,

organization, presentation, analysis and interpretation of
numerical data.
Stages:

• 1. Collection of data

• 2. organizing the collected data

• 3.  Analysis of  the Data

• 4. presentation of Data

• 5. interpretation of Data
Uses

• Evaluation and Measurement

• In carrying out day to day professional  activities

• In carrying out research

• Keeping various types  of records

• Presenting  complex data  for the simple and  consistent interpretation of the data in a suitable tabular,
diagrammatic and graphic form

• Help  to depict the data in tabular form, or in a graphical form in order to understand  it properly.
Types of statistics

• 1. Descriptive statistics

• 2. Inferential statistics
Descriptive Statistics

• 1. Data is described in a summarized way which give a general picture of the scores in a given group.

• 2. summarization is done from the sample of the population using different parameters like mean,

median, mode or standard deviation.

• 3.  a way of using charts, graphs and summary measures to organize, represent and explain a set of
data.

• 4. data is typically arranged and displayed in tables or graphs summarizing details such as

histograms, pie charts, bars or scatter plots.

• 5. no requirement of generalization beyond the data collected.

Inferential statistics

• 1. used to interpret the meaning of descriptive statistics to draw conclusions and inferences, I.e to
make valid generalizations from samples.

• 2. after the data has been collected, analyzed, and summarized, inferential statistics is used
to describe the meaning of the collected data.

• 3. intended to test hypothesis and investigate relationships between variables and can be used to

make population predictions.
A beginner must have knowledge about:
• 1. Mathematical fundamental rules: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division.

• 2. Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division of fractions

• 3. Computation of squares and square roots

• 4. Proportions and percentage

• 5. Variables- continious , discrete

• 6. Scale of measurement

• 7. Approximation 

• 8. Various statistical symbols
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                                 THANK YOU