The Development

Art
Humanities

of Visual Arts
Appre
ciation
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 Prehistoric art is primarily focused on

Concepts: hunting, and shows great variety of

stylistic treatment, and sophistication
of form, color, and line.

The Greeks rejected magic, combined

sport and religion, and imbued a
scientific view of nature in their art.

Roman art shows preference for sharp

forms and elongated figures. It served
the cult of ancestors and defied
emperors.
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Medieval art was focused on spiritual

expression rather than physical beauty.
It displayed an emphasis on symbols.
 5. Gothic art emphasized rediscovery of nature resulting in
a calmer, more plastic style.
6. Egyptian sculpture bore the elements of nature. The sun,
moons, stars, sacred animals, life-sized figures of men and
women figured in their art
7. Greek sculpture was calm, thoughtful, and more focused on
theform of men and womens bodies.
8. Roman sculpture emphasized bust forms representing famous
men and women.
9. Byzantine sculpture was focused more on churches and
Biblic figures.
10. Gothic sculpture produced figures with carvings of their
garments to create an impression of real bodies and limbs.
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11.Architecture started with the Neolithic Age, the New

Stone Age, which lasted roughly from 8000 to 3000 BC.
 11. Architecture started with the Neolithic Age, the New
Stone Age, which lasted roughly from 8000 to 3000 BC.
12. Before the Neolithic Age, man often used existing caves
for shelter and for reli gious ceremonies.
13. The oldest traces of early man are tools made of stone.
14. Mud bricks and fired bricks were the principal building
material used in mesapotamia.
15. The architecture in Egypt consisted of steriometric
shape or mass and rhythmically articulated elements express
mainly in pyramids and other tombs and temples.
16. Classic Greek Architecture, best seen in their temples,
consists of 3 columns: doric, ionic, and corinthian.
17. The principal building types of Islam architecture were
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the palace, tomb, and fort. Spiral buildings and spiral

works of art can be found throughout the Islamic
architectural history.
 18. The Byzantine architecture is famous for large
screens with paintings of saints, Christ, and Madonna
inside churches.
19. Romanesque architecture features rounded arches, low
and dark, heavy walls and fortress walls and piers .
20. Gothic architecture features pointed arches, with
verticality, no walls and extensive use ofglasses.
21. Renaissance architecture features symmetrical,
worldly, and aristocratic structures.
22. Romantic classicism architecture made use of
steriometric shape or value such as cube, sphere, pyramid
and cone.
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23. The current trends in architecture is more of

weightlessness and transparency.
 r o g r e ss of

Objecti s ho w t h ep
e a b l e t o p a i n t i n g,
● To b t s , s u c h as
v i s u a la r
select e d
i te c t u r e from
e , a n d a rch t imes
l pt u r o d e r n

ves
scu e s t o th em
h i s t o r i c tim
pre
n t s e l e c ted
b l e t o prese r i s t i c of a
● To b e a c h a r ac t e
s that a r e
r a t i o n
illust e r i o d
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stori c a l p
t a i n h i
cer
 The
Development
Pre-Historic Painting (40,000 BC-9000
BC)-

of painting
Animal spear and other rudimentary
materials were utilized to produce
pre-historic paintings. These works
of art were drawn on caves, stones,
and on earth-filled ground. The
drawings or illustrations dealt
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heavily with hunting and employed

stylistic treatment.
 Pre-historic Greek Painting
Pre historic Greek Art was seen
1. Formative or in four periods:
3.Golden Age (480-400 BC) -
period in which the aesthetic
Pre-Greek period - ideal is based on the
representation of human
motif was sea and
character as an expression of
nature. a divine system.

4. Hellenistic Period (4th

2. First Greek century-lst BC) - discussed
heightened individualism and
period - largely of
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featured tragic mood and

Egyptian influence contorted faces (Iacaustic
painting)
 The subject matters of
painting in pre-historic
Greece were young wide
males, draped female,
wounded soldiers, and
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 Pre historic Roman Painting
Pre-historic Roman Art
Etruscan encompassed
period two period
Roman periods:
(2000 BC-
(2000-1000 BC) — 400 AD) —characterized
the subject by commemorative
matters of statues, sarcophages,
frescoes, and designs
paintings were
with vine motifs. Art
ancestor worship, in these periods served
catacombs, and the cult of ancestors
sarcophages.
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and defied emperors.

 Painting In the Medieval Period
There were three art classifications during the
Medieval Period.

1. Early Christian art - Subject matters of art

in this period were symbols, cross, fish, lamb,
alpha and omega, triumphal wreaths, grapes,
doves, and peacocks. Haloed Christ, saints and
martyrs, and the Virgin Mary began to appear in
painting at a Later time. Spiritual expression
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took precedence over physical beauty.

 2. Byzantine art - The subject matters of
paintings were Christ as the Creator and
Mary the Mother of God.

3.Gothic art - Gothic paintings were

religious, grotesque, and calmer and Plastic
in style. The picture of the Madonna and
Child, ofFranco-Flemich school, gazing into
each other's eyes in playful mood is an
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example of this style.

 Franco-Flemish paintings came in the form of
portable easel paintings and oil paintings.
Illustrations featured altar pieces with general
wings that open and close. Children's faces were
painted like small adults; the spectator was
even drawn into the picture. Landscape was
incorporated in the picture using the open
window technique in which distant views of the
town, people, and river can be seen.
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 n a i s s a n c e
i n t h e R e
Pai ti n g c e i s
R e n a i s s a n
The
div id e d
) p e r i o d s:
t h r e e ( 3
into
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 1.Early Renaissance (14th-15th century) - Early
renaissance paintings places emphasis on
simplicity, gesture, and expression. Painting
depicted man and nature in fresco technique.

2.High Renaissance (16th century) - Its center

was in Florence, Venice, and Rome. Painting
style consists of the deepening of pictorial
space, making the sky more dramatic with dark
clouds and flashes of light. Da Vinci introduced
the chiaroscuro. Michelangelo dramatized the
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position of figures in his famous contrapuesto-

twists.
 3.Mannerism period - The human figure
is rendered through the use of oil
paints of sumptuous, warm, and
sensual colors.

Famous painters in this period were

Giotto, Leonardo da Vinci, Raffaello
San (Raphael), and Michelangelo.
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 THE
CREATION OF
ADAM,
MICHAELANG
ELO
Painting in the
Baroque Period
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 Paintings in the Baroque period are ornate
and fantastic. They appeal to the emotion,
are sensual and highly decorative. They
make use of light and shadow to produce
dramatic effects. The paintings show
figures in diagonal, twists, and zigzags.
Famous painters in this period include
Peter Paul Rubens, Rembrandt, El Greco,
Diego Velazquez, and Bartolome Esteban
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Murillo.
 The
Embarkation
for Cythera
Watteau
Rococo
Painting
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 Rococo painting placed emphasis
voluptuousness and picturesque and
intimate presentation of farm and country.
The Rococo art technique made use of soft
pastel colors, rendering the landscape
smoking and hazy with the subject always
in the center of the canvas.
Famous Rococo painters were Jean-Antoine
Watteau, Jean-Honore Fragonard, William
Hogarth, Joshua Reynolds, and Francois
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Boucher.
 Manuel Osorio
de Zuniga,
Francisco
Goya
Romantic
Painting
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 Romantic paintings delved on the
artist's reactions to past events,
landscapes, and people. Painting is
richer than Rococo. One of the famous
painters of this period was Francisco
Goya.
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 Still life with
Peppermint
Bottle,Paul
Cezanne
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 19th Century Painting (Modern Art) 19th
Century art was aimed to please the
public. The following movements appeared:

1. Impressionism — Paul Cezanne was the

greatest impressionist and the Father of
Modern Art. His efforts were toward the
achievement of simplicity, brilliance,
perfect balance, brightness of colors, and
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sense of depth in art.

 2. Expressionism - Vincent van Gogh is regarded
as the Father of Expressionism. He used bright,
pure colors mixed on the palette but applied to
the canvas in small dots or strokes, relying on
the beholder's eyes to see them together. Gogh's
work are notable for their rough beauty,
emotional honesty, bold color and simplicity.
Paul Gauguin also practiced simplicity in art.
He studied the technique craftsmen, applied
these to his canvas, simplifying the outline of
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forms but employing strong patches of colors.

 Starry Night,
Vincent van
Gogh
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 Tahiti Women,
Paul Gauguin
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 The Development of Sculpture

Sculpture is an art form which

employs modeling. Modeling refers to
the technique by which a material is
shaped and formed into a single mass
or a block of material having tri-
dimensional form.
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 Pre-historic Sculpture

Pre-historic sculpture consisted

of rude forms carved in stones
and woods. These, figures and
images were created to
commemorate heroes and heroines
and perpetuate, the memory of
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men.
 Egyptian Sculpture
Pre-historic Egyptian sculpture had gone through
four (4) periods:

1.First Dynasty Period — This period occurred

5,000 years ago. The sun, moon, stars and sacred
animals were common subjects of sculpture in
period. The sculpture decorated the tombs of the
dead with scenes from his life and signsoh his
rank and profession with assurance that his
spirit may continue his existence within the
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tomb Statues began to flourish in this period.

 2.Old Kingdom Period - Portrait sculpture was
emphasized. Five life-like structures existed in
every home. Statues were either single figures
or in family groups. The faces of statues were
always calm and grave. Statues of royal
personages were much larger than ordinary
personages to give impression of movement
splendor.

3. Middle Kingdom Period - Faces of statues made

during this period depicted individual moods but
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their bodies were still rigid and straight in

posture.
 4.New Kingdom Period - Figures of
this period were life-like and
vigorous looking. They were
depicted in usual poses -walking,
dancing, and bending. Figures
showed dignity and serenity.
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 The forms of Egyptian sculpture are
palettes (shield pieces of stone with
relief carvings); wall carvings (bas-
reliefs or high reliefs found in walls of
tombs) and statues (figures of men and
women in sitting and standing positions,
usually impressive). An example of pre-
historic Egyptian sculpture is the Great
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Sphinx of Giza.
 Greek Sculpture
Pre-historic Greek sculpture had gone through three
(3) periods:
1.Daedalic Period — Marble was heavily used as
material. Nude male statues were usually produced.

2. Classical Age — This was the golden age or Age

of Pericles in Greece. Temples of gods and
goddesses were adorned with sculptured figures.
Many statues depicted young victors of Greek games
and athletic contests. The human body with all its
beauty and splendor was the emphasis of art in this
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period. Male figures were always naked; women

figures were fully draped.
 3.Later Greek Period — Male
and female figures were shown
with very little or no
clothing at all. An example of
pre-historic Greek sculpture
is the famous Venus de Milo.
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 Roman Sculpture

Pre-historic Roman sculpture

portrayed famous men and women in
bust forms. The personalities
were represented as if in real
life, including their individual
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imperfections.
 Byzantine Sculpture
Byzantine sculpture is
classified into two:
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 1. Early Byzantine Sculpture — During this
period, no statues can be seen in churches and
basilicas only symbols or signs as mosaic. For
example, fish symbolized Christ; hand protruding
from the clouds symbolized God.

2. Later Byzantine Sculpture — Statues replaced

mosaic symbols and signs. Biblical statues
adorned churches, basilicas, and even homes.
These statues are tall, dignified, straight,
exquisitely carved, sometimes covered with
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jewels. Christ was shown as fully garbed,

mature, and has a dark-beard and haunting eyes.
 Romanesque Sculpture

Romanesque sculpture gave prominence to Biblical

characters and human figures as subjects.
Biblical characters and human figures were
carved in statues or in reliefs, with the bodies
fully clothed, flat, and elongated and the faces
grave and remote. Draperies were usually swirled
in whirlpool patterns around these figures.
Arches of churches were decorated with zigzag
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and geometric designs.

 Gothic Sculpture

Gothic statues of human figure

were given a natural and life-
like look, both in bodies and
facial expressions. They wore
garments to give the impression
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of real bodies.
 Renaissance Sculpture
Renaissance sculpture is
divided into three periods:
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 1. Early Renaissance Sculpture - Great and
detailed attention was given to anatomical
shapes, proportions, and perspectives to indicate
a more scientific attitude towards art.
2. Middle Renaissance Sculpture - By the end of
the 15th century, sculpture became more secular
than religious. Palaces were adorned with
sculpture cast in bronze.
3. Later Part of the Renaissance - The subject
matters of sculpture were legends and myths of
Greece and Rome. The artists were given complete
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freedom on their choice of subject.

 Baroque Sculpture

Baroque sculpture started in the

17th century. It depicted the beauty
of art and stressed on the expression
of emotion. The works of Gian Lorenzo
Bermini and the La Piedad of Gregorio
Fernandez, a famous Spanish sculptor,
were representative of Baroque
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sculpture.
 La Piedad,
Gregorio
Fernandez
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 Rococo sculpture, being highly
ornate and exquisite designed
purely for ornamental purposes.
This art appeared largely in
furniture, .panels, vases and
urns. Rococo sculpture was first
used in the court of the
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frenchKing Louis XV.

 Apollo with the
Medallion of
Emperor Josef II,
Jakob Gabriel
Muller, gen.
Molinarolo
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 19th Century Sculpture
There were two schools in this period:

1.Neo-classical schools — depicted perfect human

anatomy endowed with a calm, reflective look
2.Romantic realistic schools — depicted
realistic figures with psychological attitudes
of the French revolution.

A prominent sculptor in the 19th century was

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Auguste Rodin.
 The Thinker,
Auguste
Rodin
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 20th Century Sculpture
20th century sculpture was mainly concerned
with the human body.

1 . Pablo Picasso, the Father of Abstract

sculpture and Julio Gonzalez advocated a
regeneration of plastic shapes through geometric
organization of the human body. Abstract
sculpture remains tied to biology.

2.Henry Moore and his associates depicted

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anxiety and terror in their sculpture. Through

this form, the sculptor's view of life is shown.
 3. Alberto Giacometti carved a figure
endowed with either action or feeling by
using thinned-out matter rising upward in
empty space-the expression of being lost in
infinite nothingness.

4. In 1910, a sculpture of geometric shapes

emerged. This led to a new tool in
sculpture-the blow torch. Through the
presentation of marred and tangled shapes,
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contemporary sculpture showed fear and

terror.
 Monsieur
Cactus, Julio
Gonzalez
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 Man
Pointing,
Alberto
Giacometti
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