Hazardous

Materials
Subpart H
 Subpart H Standards

• 1910.101 Compressed Gases

• 1910.102 Acetylene
• 1910.103 Hydrogen
• 1910.104 Oxygen
• 1910.105 Nitrous Oxide
• 1910.106 Flammable and Combustible
Liquids
 Subpart H Standards

• 1910.107 Spray Finishing using

Flammable and Combustible
Materials
• 1910.108 Dip Tanks containing
Flammable and Combustible
Liquids
• 1910.109 Explosives and Blasting Agents
 Subpart H Standards
• 1910.110 Storage and Handling of Liquefied
Petroleum Gases
• 1910.111 Storage and Handling of
Anhydrous Ammonia
• 1910.119 Process Safety Management of
Highly Hazardous Chemicals
• 1910.120 Hazardous Waste Operations and
Emergency Response
 Subpart H Standards

• 1910.123 Dipping and coating

operations: Coverage and
Definitions
• 1910.124 General Requirements for
Dipping and Coating
Operations
 Subpart H Standards

• 1910.125 Additional Requirements for

Dipping and Coating
Operations that use Flammable
or Combustible Liquids
• 1910.126 Additional Requirements for
Special Dipping and Coating
Operations
 Definitions

• Hazardous Chemical

• Occupational Safety & Health Act (OSHA)

term that denotes any chemical that would be a
risk to employees if exposed in the work place
 Definition

• Highly Hazardous Chemical

• OSHA term that denotes any chemical that

would posses toxic, reactive, flammable or
explosive properties
 Flammable and
Combustible Liquids

1910.106
 Definitions

• Aerosol

• Aerosol shall mean a material which is

dispensed from its container as a mist,
spray, or foam by a propellant under
pressure
 Definitions

• Approved

• Approved shall mean an approved or listed by a

national recognized testing laboratory

• Such as:
– Underwriters Laboratories (UL) or
– Factory Mutual (FM)
 Definitions
• Boiling Point

• Boiling point shall mean the boiling point of a

liquid at a pressure of 14.7 pounds per square
inch absolute (psia). The pressure is equivalent
to 760 millimeters of mercury (760 mm Hg)

• Liquid changes into a vapor

 Definitions

• Boiling Point

• At temperatures above the boiling, the pressure of the

atmosphere can no longer hold the liquid in the liquid
state and bubbles begin to form.

• The lower the boiling point, the greater the vapor

pressure at normal ambient temperatures and
consequently the greater the risk.
 Definitions

• Container

• Container shall mean any can, barrel, or drum

 Definitions

• Closed Container

• Closed container shall mean a container so

sealed by means of a lid or other device that
neither liquid or vapor will escape from it at
ordinary temperatures
 Definitions

• Fire Area

• Fire area shall mean an area of a building

separated from the remainder of the building by
construction having a fire resistance of at least
1 hour and having all communicating openings
properly protected by an assembly having a fire
resistance rating of at least one hour.
 Definitions

• Flash Point

• Flash point means the minimum temperature

at which a liquid gives off vapor within a test
vessel in sufficient concentration to form an
ignitable mixture with air near the surface of
the liquid. The flash point is normally an
indication of susceptibility to ignition.
 Definitions
• Combustible Liquid

• Combustible liquid means any liquid having a

flash point at above 100°F (37.8 °C).

• Combustible liquids are divided into two classes:

– Class II
– Class III
 Definitions

• Class II Liquids

• Class II liquids shall include those with a flash

point at or above 100°F (37.8°C) and below
140°F (60°C), except any mixture having
components with flash points at 200°F (93.3°C)
or higher, the volume of which make up 99
percent or more of the total volume of the mixture
 Definitions

• Class III Liquids

• Class III liquids shall include those with flash

points at or above 140°F (60°C).

• Class III are divided into two classes:

– Class IIIA
– Class IIIB
 Definitions

• Class IIIA Liquids

• Class III liquids shall include those with flash

points at or above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F
(93.3°C), except any mixture having components
with flash points of 200°F (93.3°C), or higher,
the total volume of which make up 99 percent or
more of the total volume of the mixture
 Definitions

• Class IIIB Liquids

• Class IIIB liquids shall include those with a

flash point at or above 200°F (93.3°C).

• This section does not regulate Class IIIB

liquids.
 Definitions

• NOTE:

• When a combustible liquid is heated to

within 30°F (16.7°C) of its flash point, it
shall be handled in accordance with the
requirements for the next lower class of
liquids
 Definitions

• Flammable Liquid

• Flammable liquid means any liquid having a

flash point below 100 °F (37.8 °C) or higher,
the total of which make up 99 percent or more
of the total volume of the mixture.
• Flammable liquids shall be known as Class I
liquids
 Definitions
• Class I liquids are divided into three classes:

• Class 1A

• Class 1B

• Class 1C
 Definitions

• Class 1A

• Class 1A shall include liquids having flash

points below 73 °F (22.8°C) and having a
boiling point below 100 °F (37.8°C)

• Examples: Ethyl Ether, Isopropyl Chloride,

Pentane
 Definitions

• Class 1B Liquids

• Class 1B shall include liquids having flash

points below 73°F (22.8°C) and having a
boiling point at or above 100°F (37.8°C)

• Example: Acetone, Gasoline, Toulene

 Definitions

• Class 1C

• Class 1C shall include liquids having flash

points at at or above 73°F (22.8°C) and
below 100°F (37.8°C)

• Examples: Amyl Alcohol, Naphtha, Xylene

Flash
Point
200°F
Combustible
IIIA
140°F Flash Point

II > 100°F
100°F

IC Flammable
73°F Flash Point

IA IB < 100°F

100°F
Boiling Point
 Definitions

• Portable Tank

• Portable tank shall mean a closed container

having a liquid capacity over 60 U.S.
gallons and not intended for fixed
installation
 Definitions
• Safety Can

• Safety can means an approved container, of not

more than 5 gallons capacity, having a spring-
closing lid and spout cover and so designed that it
will safely relieve internal pressure when subject to
fire exposure
 Definitions

• Vapor Pressure

• Vapor Pressure shall mean the pressure,

measured in pounds per square inch
(absolute) exerted by a volatile liquid as
determined by the Standard Method of Test
for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products by
ASTM
 Definitions

• Vapor Pressure

• Vapor Pressure is a measure of a liquid’s

propensity to evaporate.

• The higher the vapor pressure, the more volatile

the liquid and, thus, the more readily the liquid
gives off vapors
 Definitions
• Ventilation

• Ventilation as specified in this section is for the

prevention of fire and explosion

– It is considered adequate if it is sufficient to prevent

accumulation of significant quantities of vapor-air
mixtures in concentrations over one-fourth of the lower
flammable limit
 Flammable (Explosive) Limits

• Flammable Range

• The range of a combustible vapor or gas-air

mixture between the upper and lower flammable
limits.

• Also, known as the “explosive range.”

 Flammable (Explosive) Limits
• Lower Flammable Limit

• The lowest concentration at which a combustible gas forms

a flammable mixture.

• Below the LFL there is too little combustible fuel to

sustain a flame.

• Also, known as “Lower Explosive Limit or LEL.”

 Flammable (Explosive) Limits
• Upper Flammable Limit

• The highest concentration at which a combustible gas

forms a flammable mixture.

• Above the UFL there is too little oxygen to sustain a flame.

Better known as “too rich” to burn.

• Also, known as “Upper Explosive Limit or UEL.”

 Flammable (Explosive) Limits
• Hazardous Material LFL UFL

• Butane 1.9 8.5

• Ethylene Oxide 3.0 100.0
• Gasoline 1.4 7.6
• Hydrogen 4.0 75.0
• Isopropyl Alcohol 2.0 12.7
• Propane 2.1 9.5
 Container and Portable Tank
Storage

• This section applies only to the storage of

flammable and combustible liquids in
drums or other containers not exceeding
60 gallons individual capacity and portable
tanks of less than 660 gallons individual
capacity.
 Container and Portable Tank
Storage
• On approved containers and portable tanks may
be used to store flammable and combustible
liquids

• Metal containers and portable tanks must meet

DOT requirements
 Design, Construction and
Capacity of Storage Cabinets

• Not more than 60 gallons of Class I and/ or Class

II liquids, or not more than 120 gallons of Class
III liquids may be stored in an individual cabinet
 Design, Construction and
Capacity of Storage Cabinets

• The standard permits both metal and

wooden storage cabinets

• Cabinets shall be designed and constructed

to limit internal temperatures to not more
than 325°F when subject to a standardized
10-minute fire test
 Design, Construction and
Capacity of Storage Cabinets
• The bottom, top, door, and sides of metal
cabinets shall be at least 18 gauge sheet metal
and double walled with a 1 -inch air space

• The door shall be provided with a three point

lock and the door sill shall be raised at least 2-
inches above the bottom of the cabinet
 Design and Construction of
Inside Storage Rooms
• Construction is to comply with test
specifications outlined in NFPA 251

• Openings to other rooms or buildings shall be

provided with non-combustible liquid-tight
raised sills or ramps at least 4-inches in
height, or the floor in the storage area shall be
at least 4-inches below the surrounding floor
 Design and Construction of
Inside Storage Rooms
• Opening shall be provided with approved self-
closing fire doors

• The room shall be liquid tight where the floor

joins the floor

• Electrical wiring for Class I liquids will comply

with Class I, Division 2 hazardous locations
 Design and Construction of
Inside Storage Rooms
• In each storage room, an aisle of at least 3
feet in width will be maintained

• Containers over 30 gallons capacity shall not be

stacked

• Containers will be at least 3 feet from sprinkler

heads
 Fire Control

• At least one portable fire extinguisher having a

rating of not less than 12-B units shall be located
outside of, but not more than 10 feet from, the
door opening into any room used for storage.
 Maximum Quantities
• The quantity of liquid – 25 gallons of Class IA
liquids in containers
that may be located
outside of an inside
storage room or – 120 gallons of Class IB,
storage cabinet in a IC, II, or III liquids in
containers
building or in any one
fire area of a building
– 660 gallons of Class IB,
shall not exceed:
IC, II, or III liquids in a
single portable tank.
Spray Finishing

1910.107
 Definitions

• Aerated Solid Powders

– Aerated powders shall mean any powdered material
used as a coating material which shall be fluidized
within a container by passing air uniformly from
below. It is common practice to fluidize such
materials to form a fluidized powder bed and then
dip the part to be coated into the bed in a manner
similar to that used in liquid dipping. Such beds are
also used as sources for powder spray operation
 Definitions

• Spraying Area

• Any area in which dangerous quantities of

flammable vapors or mists, or combustible
residues, dusts, or deposits are present due
to the operation of spraying processes.
 Definitions

• Spray Booth

• A power-ventilated structure provided to

enclose or accommodate a spraying
operation to confine and limit the escape of
spray, vapor, and residue, and to safely
conduct or direct them to an exhaust system
 Definitions

• Waterwash spray booth

• A spray booth equipped with a water

washing system designed to minimize dusts
or residues entering exhaust ducts and to
permit the recovery of overspray finishing
material
 Definitions

• Dry spray booth

• A spray booth not equipped with a water

washing system as described in
subparagraph (4) of this paragraph.
 Definitions
• Dry spray booth
• A dry spray booth may be equipped with
– distribution or baffle plates to promote an even flow of air through the
booth or cause the deposit of overspray before it enters the exhaust
duct; or
– overspray dry filters to minimize dusts or residues entering exhaust
ducts; or
– where dry powders are being sprayed, with powder collection systems
so arranged in the exhaust to capture oversprayed material.
•
 Definitions

• Fluidized Bed

• A container holding powder coating material

which is aerated from below so as to form an
air-supported expanded cloud of such
material through which the preheated object
to be coated is immersed and transported.
 Definitions

• Electrostatic Fluidized Bed

– A container holding powder coating material which

is aerated from below so as to form an air-supported
expanded cloud of such material which is electrically
charged with a charge opposite to the charge of the
object to be coated; such object is transported,
through the container immediately above the charged
and aerated materials in order to be coated.
 Separation of Operations

• Each spray booth shall be separated from

other operations by:
• not less than 3 feet or
• by a partition or wall to reduce danger
3 ft 8 feet

3 feet
 Sources of Ignition

• There will be no open flame or spark

producing equipment in any spray area nor
within 20 feet

• Space heating appliances, steam pipes, or

hot surfaces shall not be located in the spray
area
 Electrical

• Class I or Class II, Division 1 Locations

• The interior of spray booths or rooms

• The interior of exhaust ducts
• Any area in the direct path of spray
operations
 Electrical

• Class I or Class II, Division 2 Locations

• For open spraying, all space outside of but
within 20 feet horizontally and 10 feet
vertically
Spray Area

20’
 Review

• What is a flammable liquid?

• What is a combustible liquid?

• A Class 1A flammable liquid has a flash

point of less than?
 Review

• What is the maximum amount of a 1A

liquid that can be stored outside of a
flammable storage cabinet or room?

• A 12B fire extinguisher must be located

within _______ feet of flammable liquid
storage room.
 Review
• Spray finishing can be a hazardous activity.
– True or False

• Each spray booth must be separated by ___ feet

or a wall or partition from other operations.

• Spray booths require ___________ electrical

installations.