Digital Circuit Design: An

overview
 CMOS Technology
• CMOS is by far the most popular technology for the
implementation of digital systems
• Small size, ease of fabrication and low power
dissipation of MOSFET enable extremely high levels
of integration of both logic and memory circuits
• Building on the study of the CMOS inverter we take a
comprehensive look at its design and analysis
 Digital IC Technologies and Logic Circuit
Families
• CMOS—Complementary CMOS
Pseudo NMOS
Pass Transistor Logic
Dynamic Logic
 Digital IC Technologies and Logic Circuit
Families
• Bipolar ---- TTL (Transistor Transistor Logic)
ECL (Emitter Coupled Logic)
• BiCMOS
• GaAs
 Digital IC Technologies and Logic Circuit
Families
• Each logic-circuit family offers a unique set of
advantages and disadvantages
• The selection of a logic family is based on such
consideration as speed of operation, availability of
complex functions, noise immunity, operating
temperature range, power dissipation and cost
 Logic Circuit Characterization
• Noise Margins
• Propagation Delays
• Power Dissipation
• Delay Power Product
• Silicon Area
• Fan-in and Fan-out
 Delay Power Product
• DP=Pd.tp (pd is power dissipation and tp is the
propagation delay)

• Figure of merit for comparing logic circuit

families

• The lower the DP figure for a logic family the

more effective it is
 Silicon Area
• Choosing smaller devices has the obvious advantage
of requiring smaller silicon area but smaller devices
however have lower current driving capability which
tends to increase delay
• There is a trade off to be exercised in a manner that
optimizes whatever aspect of the design is thought
to be critical for the application at hand
 Fan-in and Fan-out
• Fan-in --- Number of inputs of the gate
• Fan-out --- Maximum number of similar gates that a
gate can drive while remaining within guaranteed
specifications