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1.SPEED
2.SOUND
3.WAVE
4.PARTICLE
5.MEDIUM
SOUND
S
WAVE
WHAT IS WAVE?
•A disturbance that moves from one
place to another through a medium
KIND OF WAVES
KIND OF WAVES
crest
wavelength

amplitude

trough
TRANSVERSE WAVES

A transverse wave is a wave in which

particles of the medium move in a
direction perpendicular to the direction that
the wave moves.
LONGITUDINAL WAVES

A longitudinal wave is a wave in which particles

of the medium move in a direction parallel to the
direction that the wave moves.
PARTS OF A WAVE
AMPLITUDE

 In physics, the maximum displacement or

distance moved by a point on a vibrating
body or wave measured from its equilibrium
position.
WAVELENGHT
The distance between successive
crests of a wave, especially points in
a sound wave or electromagnetic
wave.
FREQUENCY

Gives you a number of wavelengths

passing through a point, or the number of
cycles per unit time
PERIOD
 A period is described as “the time for a
particle on a medium to make one complete
vibrational cycle.
Difference Between Wavelength And
Period
DEFINITION
• Wavelength is the shortest distance between two
successive points on a wave whose oscillations
are in phase.

• Period is the time taken to complete one full

oscillation.
Difference Between Wavelength And
Period
UNITS
• Wavelength is a measurement of a
distance. Hence, it has SI units of meters.

• Period is a measurement of an interval of

time. Hence, it has SI units of seconds.
Wavelength
rarefaction
amplitude
Wavelength
SOUND
S
Objectives
• At the end of the session, the students are expected to:

1. Explain how sound is made.

2. compare the speed of sound through solids, liquids and
gases;
3. infer how the molecular structure of a material affect
speed of sound moving through it; and
4. investigate the effect of temperature on speed of
sound
 •1. Sounds can be
produced without using
any material objects.
•2. Hitting an object harder
changes the pitch of the
sound produced.
 3. Sounds can travel
through empty space (a
vacuum).
•4. Sounds cannot travel
through liquids and
solids.
•5. Sound travels slower
in less dense medium.
•6. The greater the density
of the medium the faster
the sound is transmitted.
HOW DO SOUND
PRODUCE?
Try this:
• Put your finger on your neck and say “aah” as
loud as you can.

• Now say it as soft as you can.

• You can not only hear the sound, but you can feel
the vibration inside your throat.
HOW CAN WE
DEFINE SOUND?
WHAT IS SOUND?
•Sound energy is produced by
a vibrating body.
•Sound is a sensation that
stimulates the organs of
hearing.
DO YOU BELIEVE THAT WE ARE
LIVING IN A WORLD FILLED
WITH SOUNDS?
Why?
ASIDE FROM VIBRATION OF
YOUR VOCAL CORDS. WHAT ARE
SOME WAYS WE USUALLY DO IN
ORDER TO PRODUCE SOUND?
How do musical instruments create
sound?
• It depends on the type of instrument. There are four
types.

• Woodwind
• String
• Percussion
• Brass
Woodwinds Instruments
• Woodwinds make music by blowing on the top of the instrument
or on a reed.

Clarinet

Bassoon
Oboe

Flute Piccolo
STRING INSTRUMENTS
• Strings make music by plucking or strumming the strings.

Cello Guitar Harp

Violin

Electric
Guitar
PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS
• Percussion instruments make music by striking, shaking or
scraping them.

Tambourine Piano

Drum

Cymbals Xylophone Maracas

Brass Instruments
• Brass instruments make music by buzzing lips while blowing.

Trombone

French Horn

Tuba

Trumpet
Sound consists of waves of air particles.
Generally, sound propagates and travels
through air. It can also be propagated
through other media. Since it needs a
medium to propagate, it is considered a
mechanical wave. In propagating sound,
the waves are characterized as
longitudinal waves. These are waves that
travel parallel to the motion of the particles.
BASED FROM THE PREVIOUS
STATEMENTS. WHAT KIND OF
WAVE IS SOUND?
LONGITUDINAL WAVE
• The sounds that you hear are longitudinal waves that
travel through a medium, and they are caused by
vibrations.
• The frequency of waves produce is equal to the vibrations
produced.
LONGITUDINAL WAVE
LONGITUDINAL WAVE
Compressions and Rarefactions
• move along with the direction of the pushing and
pulling of the material (slinky)
• It moves parallel to the motion of material
 COMPRESSIONS AND RAREFACTIONS
• COMPRESSION – is a region in the sound
wave wherein there is a maximum pressure
• RAREFACTION – is a region in the sound
wave where there is a minimum pressure
Properties
of
SOUND
S
1. SPEED
WHAT IS SPEED?
• Speed is a way of measuring how quickly
something is moving or being done, or something
moving fast.

• In a waves tells us how fast it travels in a medium

HOW FAST DO YOU THINK SOUND
TRAVEL?
IS THE SPEED OF SOUND FASTER
THAN THE SPEED OF LIGHT?
How come you see
lightning first when
actually, lightning and
thunder occur at the
same time?
 SPEED OF SOUND is only about a
millionth (1/100000 ) of the speed of
light, it varies depending on the
properties of the medium it
travelling through.
HOW IS SOUND TRAVEL?
Through
WHAT ARE THE MEDIUM
OF SOUND?
MEDIUMS OF SOUNDS
• Sound travels through all forms of matter— gases, liquids and
solid.

• These are called the medium.

DENSITY OF THE MEDIUM

• Metal or wood, sound can move

well because their molecules are
close together.
• Air is less dense compared to
that sea level. Why?
ELASTICITY OF THE MEDIUM

• ELASTIC PROPERTY is the tendency

of a material to maintain its shape and
not deform when a force is applied to
the object or medium.
 SPEED OF SOUND
• Sound can travel faster in mediums
with higher elastic properties (like
steel) than it can through solids like
rubber, which have lower elastic
properties
• sound waves travel faster in solids than in
liquids, and faster in liquids than in gases.
• Gases are the poorest transmitters of sound
because they are the least elastic.
• Sound waves travel about 15 times faster in
steel than in air, and about four times faster
in water than in air.
WHY SOUND CANNOT
TRAVEL IN A VACUUM?
SOUND WAVES
– can only move through
matter

• Sound cannot travel in a vacuum:

it always needs matter to travel.
SOUND CANNOT TRAVEL IN A VACUUM
IN WHAT MEDIUM DO
YOU THINK SOUND
TRAVEL FASTEST?
SOUND TRAVEL THROUGH MEDIUM
Sound travels by particles vibrating. To understand this better you
need to remember what the particles look like in a solid, liquid and
a gas:

In which state are the particles closest together?

In which state are the particles furthest apart?
Which state does sound travel fastest through? Why?
HOW DOES SOUND TRAVEL?
Which state of matter
is the best medium for
propagating sound?
Which is the poorest?
Explain your answer.
What are the
importance of sound
in our life?
Cross out the letters of 5 false statements about the nature of sound.

NATURE OF SOUND
a. vibrations are only needed to make a loud sound
b.all sound arises from vibrations
c. sound are particulate in nature
d.sound is an electromagnetic wave
e. sound can travel in a vacuum
f. sound needs a medium to travel through
g.compression and rarefaction are the same movement
h.compression and rarefaction are opposite movement
Cross out the letters of 5 false statements about the nature of sound.

NATURE OF SOUND
a. vibrations are only needed to make a loud sound*
b.all sound arises from vibrations
c. sound are particulate in nature*
d.sound is an electromagnetic wave*
e. sound can travel in a vacuum*
f. sound needs a medium to travel through
g.compression and rarefaction are the same movement*
h.compression and rarefaction are opposite movement
Assignment
Where does sound travel faster ..hot
temperature or cold? Explain your
answer.
DAY 2
REVIEW
Properties
of
SOUND
S
2. FREQUENCY and
WAVELENGHT
FREQUENCY
• Is the number of vibrations that sound
produces per unit time
• Frequency is expressed in hertz (Hz)
WHAT IS PITCH?
• Pitch is how high or how low a sound is.
• The greater the frequency the higher the
pitch is.
• Pitch is expressed in hertz (Hz)
Low pitch to high pitch
SOUNDS AND THE HUMAN EAR
• Infrasonic sound – low sounds (frequencies lower
than 20 Hz)
• Ultrasonic sound – high sounds (frequencies greater
than 20 000 Hz)
The frequency that humans
could hear ranges from
20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
HOW DOES SOUND TRAVEL?
• Sound passes through the medium as longitudinal
waves.
• When the vibrations are fast you hear a
high pitch. When they’re slow, you hear a low pitch.

High pitch Low pitch

 Air molecules

1) An object 2) The vibrations pass 3) These vibrations

makes a sound through air by making air are picked up by the
by vibrating molecules vibrate ear
HOW ELSE CAN WE CHANGE SOUND?
• We can make it louder or softer by changing the amplitude of
the height of the wave.
• The higher the amplitude, the louder the sound. The lower the
amplitude the softer the sound.

Louder

Softer
Did you know?
• Sound travels 4 times faster through water than through
air.

• There is no sound in space.

• Geologists use their knowledge of how sound travels

through rocks to help them find oil fields.
3. AMPLITUDE and
INTENSITY
AMPLITUDE
The measure of the amount of energy
of the sound wave is its amplitude
LOUDNESS
LOUDNESS-Loudness is related to the
intensity of sound.
DECIBEL (dB)– is the unit used for
intensity.
• Alexander Graham Bell
1 bel (B)= 10 decibels
HOW LOUD ARE SOUNDS?
Gunshot blast 150 Personal stereo
Aircraft overhead 140 Permanent
ear damage
Max 120
human Loud bell
100
voice
80
A circular saw at 2m 60
40 Quiet countryside
Recording
studio 20
10
Pin being dropped 0 Can just be heard
AWESOME FACTS
 What other factors may affect
the speed of sound in a medium?

What about temperature? Can the

temperature of the medium
affect how sound moves?
•The hotter the medium
the faster the sound
travels.
• The speed of sound in dry air, which is at
0ºC, is around 331 m/s. In the air, the speed
of sound increases by 0.60 m/s with every
increase of 1ºC. This means that the speed
of sound is dependent on the temperature of
the medium wherein an increase is observed
with an increase in temperature.
Relationship between the speed of sound
through dry air and temperature

V= 331 m/s + (0.6 m/s ˚C) T

PROBLEM SOLVING:

1. What is the speed of sound in Metro

manila if the temperature is 30ºC?

2. What is the temperature if the speed of

sound is 346 m/s?
Determine the speed of sound in the air and
temperature given the following temperature and speed.

SPEED OF SOUND TEMPERATURE (T)

  1. 18°C
  2. 20°C
3. 200m/s  
4. 675m/s  
  5. 34°C
• Different places have different speed of
sound depends upon the temperature of
the area and increase every 1ºC
Why are very loud and
very high pitch sound
are irritating to the ear?
Assignment
Differentiate reflection and refraction of
sound.
DAY 3
Do you love music?
Where do you usually sing?
Have you tried singing inside the bathroom?
Why do you love singing in the bathroom?
What have you observed when you sing inside
the bathroom?
Reflection
of
SOUND
S
 A lot of
people love
to sing
inside the
bathroom!
•Reflection is usually described as the
turning back of a wave as it hits a
barrier.

•Echo is an example of a reflected

sound.
 Want to know more
about these amazing
sound treats?
Watch and
learn
QUESTIONS...
• 1. How is the sound heard from the heart to the
stethoscope?
2. Explain the first law of reflection.
• 3. Explain the second law of reflection.
• 4.What are the ways to reduce reverberations of
sound?
• 5.Name at least 3 technologies that uses multiple
reverberation of sound.
 Want to know more
about these amazing
sound treats?
QUESTIONS...
• 1. How is the sound heard from the heart to the
stethoscope?
2. Explain the first law of reflection.
• 3. Explain the second law of reflection.
• 4.What are the ways to reduce reverberations of
sound?
• 5.Name at least 3 technologies that uses multiple
reverberation of sound.
• Reverberation on the other hand refers
to the multiple reflections or echoes in a
certain place. A reverberation often
occurs in a small room with height, width,
and length dimensions of approximately 17
meters or less. This best fits the
bathroom which enhances the voice
SONAR
Whale Sounds
•Marine mammals like
dolphins
communicate by
sending sound waves
through water.
ULTRASOUND
•When watching a television
at night. What have you
notice to the sound of the TV?
Have you ever wondered
why open field concerts
are usually held during
night time?
•What do you think is the
reason why concerts
scheduled during
nighttime?
Refraction
of
SOUND
S
• Refraction is described as the change in speed of
sound when it encounters a medium of different
density.

• . This change in speed of sound during refraction is

also manifested as sort of “bending” of sound waves.
AWESOME FACTS
•Review for a
chapter quiz
about sound
SUMMARY

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 That's all.
Thank You for
Listening!