PRINCIPLES

UNDERLYING
TEACHING
Theories of Learning

1.Behavioral Perspective
2.Cognitive Perspective
3.Development Perspective
4.Social Cognitive Perspective
5.Constructive Perspective
1. Behavioral Perspective

– Analysis of applied behavior has been

found effective in educational situations.
2. Cognitive Perspective

- Educational psychologists have

expressed preference for cognitive
perspective over behavioral perspective.
 3. Development Perspective

- The neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive

development are anchored on
developmental psychology which operates
on a number of important assumptions
related to education.
 First, human cognitive competence is viewed from
the psychology of cognitive development as a product
of several stages/phases of development.
Second, the psychology of cognitive development
involves the basic knowledge of how cognitive change
takes place along with the recognition of other factors
that give way to cognitive competence.
Finally, the psychology of cognitive development
concerns itself with individual differences, taking into
account the cognitive processes and abilities, rate and
prospect of change, as well as the mechanism of change.
4. Social Cognitive Perspective

- The social cognitive theory is a

successful blend of behavioral, cognitive,
and social elements initially espoused by
Albert Bandura in his social learning
theory.
5. Constructive Perspective

- This is a learning theory that

emphasizes the prior knowledge and
experience of the learner that include the
social and cultural determinants of the
learning process.
Principles of Teaching According to
Various Authors (Fleming 1996)

James L. Mursell’s Six Principles of Teaching

1. Principles of Context
2. Principle of Focus
3. Principle of Socialization
1. Principles of Context

Categorized into Six Levels:

LEVEL 1 - Context consists of the textbook only

LEVEL 2 - Context consists of the textbook , together with collateral/supplemnetal materials
LEVEL 3 - Context consists of non-academic and current materials (magazine, articles, newspaper
clippings)
LEVEL 4 - Context consists of multi-sensory aids
LEVEL 5 - Context consists of demonstration and presentation by the experts
LEVEL 6 – Field of experiences:personal, social, and community undertanding
2. Principle of Focus

Categorized into Four Levels:

LEVEL 1 - Focus established by page assingment in textbook

LEVEL 2 - Focus established by announce topic together with page
or chapter references
LEVEL 3 - Focus established by broad concepts to be
comprehended or problem to be solved
LEVEL 4 - Focus established as a conceptor a problem to be
solved, a skill to be acquired to carry an undertaking
3. Principle of Socialization
Categorized into Three Levels:

LEVEL 1 – Social pattern characterized by submission

LEVEL 2 - Social pattern characterized by contribution
LEVEL 3 - Social pattern characterized by cooperation
THANK
YOU!