GLOBALIZATION

LEARNING TARGETS
• explain how globalization affect
the people and nation; and
• elaborate the importance of
cooperation and collaboration in
terms of globalization
What is
globalization?
Globalization
• Globalization pertains to the
interconnectedness and
interdependence of countries.
Globalization
• It also means that the world
functions as one global village.
• It eliminates spatial barriers.
Globalization: Then &
Now
THEN NOW
• The local market • Most goods that you
patronized their own will most likely find in
products with goods department stores
that bore the label were either made in
“Made in the USA or made in China
Philippines.” (and other Asian or
South American
countries).
THEN
• The most famous
chocolate candy
brand was either
ChocNut or Serge’s.

NOW
• Serge’s chocolate
bars are no longer
sold and are replaced
by imported
chocolates.
THEN
• The famous local
restaurants found in
Manila were Max’s,
Aristocrat, and later
Jollibee.

NOW
• Max’s and Jollibee are
not only found in
Manila but also in the
different parts of the
world.
THEN NOW
• Filipinos can only • Filipinos can now
choose television watch tv
programs from programs that
five local are aired
stations. internationally
(ex. Netflix,
HBO, Disney
Plus and etc.).
THEN NOW
• In clothing, the • Small dressmaking
norm then was shops and tailoring
to have your shops are
disappearing and
clothes sewn by have become
a local “alternating shops”.
seamstress or Ready-made
tailor. clothes appeared in
department stores.
THEN NOW
• Bantex was the • Bantex was
most popular replaced by the
flipflops. so-called
‘flipflops’
produced by
pricey foreign
brands such as
Havaianas,
which originated
from Brazil.
THEN NOW
• Shoes were • Marikina-made
made in Marikina shows gradually
or in a local shoe lost its popularity
factory such as and was
Gregg Shoes. replaced by
internationally-
made shoes.
THEN NOW
• Forty years ago, • Forty years later,
the Philippine the Philippines
economy can be has embraced
described as
globalization.
protectionist
(technically called
“import
substitution
industrialization” or
ISI).
Historical Background
of Global Free Trade
Bretton Woods Conference in July 1944
Bretton woods Conference

• It is officially known as the UN

Monetary and Financial Conference.
• Held in the plush Mount Washington
Hotel in rural Bretton Woods, New
Hampshire in July 1944
• It brought together representatives
from 44 countries.
Bretton woods Conference
• The purpose of this conference is to plan
on some measures to avoid the crisis of
the past and to ensure post-war prosperity
through economic collaboration.
• It asserted that the Great Depression and
the drift towards World War II happened
because of high tariff barriers, competitive
currency devaluations, and discriminatory
trading blocs.
Bretton woods Conference

• As a result of the Bretton Woods

Conference, the International
Monetary Fund (IMF), the World
Bank, and the General Agreement
on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) were
organized as powerful bodies to
facilitate the resolutions made in
that conference (Schifferes, 2008).
Bretton woods Conference
• Early 1970s, an economic crisis struck the
world, marked by rising prices and
unemployment. The Philippines, along with
many countries, was influenced to abandon
its protectionist stance in favor of an open
market-based economy. This move was
labeled as Structural Adjustment Programs
(SAP). The shift towards free trade was
cemented when the Philippines became a
signatory of GATT in 1979.
Bretton woods Conference

• Within the same period, from the 1970s

onwards, the invention of
microprocessor in 1971 paved the way
for the rise of the computer.
• In 1989, when the Berlin Wall fell, it
symbolized the end of the Cold War.
The Soviet Union disintegrated in 1991
to be followed by other socialist
regimes.
 TYPES OF
GLOBALIZATION
TYPES OF GLOBALIZATION
1. Economic
2. Social
3. Political
4. Technological
5. Geographical
6. Financial
7. Ecological
Economic globalization

• It refers to the
mobility of people,
capital, technology,
goods and services
internationally.
Economic globalization

• It is the increasing economic

integration and interdependence of
national, regional, and local
economies across the world through
an intensification of cross border
movement of goods, services,
technologies and capital.
A. Transnationalism
• It refers to the exchange of people,
ideas, technology, and money
among nations.
• It allows migrants to retain their
cultural identity and coexist with
people of different ethnic groups
(cited in Miralao, 2007).
B. World Trade Organization
• It is the only global
international
organization dealing
with the rules of trade
among nations.
• The WTO has 164
members and 24
observer governments.
 C. Deregulation
• The removal or reduction of laws or
other demands of governmental
control (Britannica.com).
• Deregulation often takes the form of
eliminating a regulation entirely or
altering an existing regulation to
reduce its impact.
C. Deregulation
• It also requires the government to
transfer full or partial ownership of
enterprises to private company,
which can be locally or foreign
owned.
Oil Deregulation in the Philippines
D. Privatization

public or
government
private
services or transferred to
sectors
assets
D. Privatization
• The transfer of government services or assets
to the private sector. State-owned assets may
be sold to private owners, or statutory
restrictions on competition between privately
and publicly owned enterprises may be lifted.
• The government should not interfere with the
local industries and should not provide
subsidies that would undermine the natural
flow of the market.
Metropolitan Waterworks
and Sewerage System
E. Internationalization
• It refers to a company that takes
steps to increase its footprint or
capture greater market share
outside of its country of domicile by
branching out into international
markets (Investopedia.com).
E. Internationalization
EXAMPLE
• McDonalds and Jollibee focus on non
chicken, fish, and other non-beef
menu items that better conform to
local custom and culture.
F. Liberalization
• It requires reduction or total
elimination of any restriction to
foreign trade. Foreign businesses can
bring in their goods and services
easily and with lesser tariff duties (or
tax) into a WTO member state. They
can also partially own, set up, and
operate businesses in the country.
SOCIAL globalization

• It is a social transformation or
process leading to the achievement
of people-centered development.
Human-centered development
concept is offered as an alternative
strategy to bring about a more
equity development outcome.
POLITICAL globalization

• It refers to an increasing trend

toward multilateralism in an
emerging transnational state
apparatus and the emergence of
national and international non-
governmental organizations that act
as watchdogs over governments.
FINANCIAL globalization

• It is a collective concept that refers

to increasing global linkages created
through cross-border financial flows.
Financial integration refers to an
individual country's linkages to
international capital markets.
TECHNOLOGICAL globalization

• It is accelerated in large part by

technological transmission, the spread
of technology across borders. Although
the Philippines is not the world's least
technologically advanced country, it is
far from leading. It ranks 83rd out of
138 countries in terms of technological
readiness, according to the Department
of Science and Technology (DOST).
ECOLOGICAL globalization
• It occurs when ecosystems are constantly
exchanging materials through the
movement of air in the atmosphere, the
flow of water in rivers and the migration
of animals across the landscape. The
world is also becoming highly
interconnected through the movement of
people and the transport of goods locally
to globally (EurekAlert.com).
GEOGRAPHICAL globalization

• It is defined as the set of processes

(economic, social, cultural,
technological, and institutional) that
contributes to the relationship
between societies and individuals
around the world. It is a progressive
process by which exchanges and flows
between different parts of the world
are intensified.
 Positive and Negative
Effects of Globalization
 Positive Effects of globalization

• Technologies such as radios, TVs,

phones, and the Internet have
become widely available, enabling
people, families, and communities
across the globe to connect to each
other in real time and at more
affordable price.
 Positive Effects of globalization

• The cost of travel has also dropped

by about 50 percent since 1978.
• The dramatic decrease of prices of
some goods and services happened
due to privatization and end of
business monopolies.
 Positive Effects of globalization

• It creates opportunities for countries

to connect to other countries for
larger markets.
• This can lead to more access capital
flows, technology, human capital,
cheaper imports and larger export
markets.
 Positive Effects of globalization

• It allows businesses to become part

of international production networks
and supply chains of different
countries.
• It allows workers to migrate from
their homelands in poorer countries
to more developed countries to find
work.
 Negative Effects of globalization

• It made the rich richer and the poor

poorer. Some critiques would aver
that the term globalization hides the
fact that what is happening is
actually global westernization.
 Negative Effects of globalization

• Globalization is often blamed for the

destruction of environment. Production
of goods requires various raw
materials and minerals extracted from
the environment. Low-income
countries like the Philippines remain to
be a supplier of raw materials,
resulting in the depletion of its forest
reserves and other natural resources.
 Negative Effects of globalization

• The lowering of import tariffs and

relaxed control over importation has
also cause many local businesses to
close down, especially local
manufacturing companies that
depend on imported raw materials.
 Negative Effects of globalization

• The growth of international trade

has worsened income inequalities
between developed, developing and
underdeveloped countries.
• Competitions among developing
countries are races which
dangerously lower environmental
standards.
 Negative Effects of globalization

• Global commerce is increasingly

dominated by transnational
corporations which seek to maximize
profits without regard for the
development needs of individual
countries.
 Negative Effects of globalization

• Parents and children can spend a

decade apart, where they pass their
responsibilities to grandparents.
Interconnections of
People
 Interconnections of people
• Globalization leads to interconnectedness
of people and nations, where people refer
to a group of people with commonality,
such as religion, culture and language who
lives in a specific area, while nation refers
to a larger group of people organized in a
specific place, which embodied an
independent government of its country
where they can decide on their own.
 Collaboration
• It means to work together with others to
achieve a common goal. Unconditionally
sharing everything and helping each other
while mutually working together in cohesive
“collective” in unusual roles embracing
talents of each person to synergize or invent
something new in a way that:
a. benefits all the groups,
b. serves the whole team’s goal, and
c. may result to creative innovation.
 cooperation
• It is the process of working together to the
same end. It is an active help from a person,
organization etc. such as an orderly sharing of
space and resources. Cooperation means
conditionally sharing information and resources
while functioning together within an
independent “connective” in typical roles with
workloads accepted as unequal to change
something in a way that:
a. benefits some individuals in a group,
b. meets their personal needs, and
c. may result in disrupted innovation.
references
• Andrada, J.F. (2017). Trends, Networks, and Critical
Thinking in the 21st Century. Malabon City. Mutya
Publishing House Inc.
• Arzadon, M.M.E, Romerosa, P.G. & Zarate, M.J.E (2018).
Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking. Quezon City. Vibal
Group Inc. pg. 2-20
• DepEd (2020). K to 12 Most Essential Learning
Competencies.
• Peña, M.C.D. (2020). Trends, Networks, and Critical
Thinking in the 21st Century Grade 12 Alternative Delivery
Mode Quarter 3 – Module 5: Global Networks (1st Edition).
Bataan. Department of Education-Schools Division of
Bataan.
references

• https://marketbusinessnews.com/finan
cial-glossary/economic-globalization/
• https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i
/internationalization.asp
• https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i
/internationalization.asp

• https://www.britannica.com/topic/dere
gulation