HEL LO

CLASS !
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MARK ANGELO
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PUTO TROPH -SM
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Y
PHOTOTROPISM
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NEW RON

NEURO
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OL FACT THOR Y

OLFACTOR
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THERMO REST SEPT THOR

THERMORECEPTO
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-H - -ENO
THIG MO
ON MOR POE GENESIS

THIGMOMORPHOGENESIS
Sensory and Motor Mechanisms in
Plants and Animals
 Sensory and Motor
Mechanisms in Plants

Light
Growth
Gravity Wind
Touch
PLANT RESPONSE TO
LIGHT
Phot om orphogenesi s i s t he growt h and devel opm ent
of pl ant s i n response t o l i ght . It al l ows pl ant s t o
opt i m i ze thei r use of l i ght and space.

Phot operi odi sm i s t he abi l i t y t o use l i ght t o t rack

t i m e.

Phot ot ropi sm i s a di rect i onal response t hat al l ows

plants t o grow t owards, or even away from, l i ght .
 PLANT RESPONSE TO
Gravitr opism i s a f eat ure exhi bi t ed by m any organi sm s, such
GRAVITY
a s most plant s and f ungi . For i nst ance, t he root s of t he pl ant s
gr ow towards t he gr avi t at i onal fi e l d where as t he st em gr ows
a way f rom t he gr avi t at i onal f i el d.
Growth of t he shoot a pi c al t i p upward i s cal l ed nega t i ve
gr avi tropism , where as growt h of t he r oot s downwar d i s
c al l ed posit i ve gr avi t ropi sm .

Am ylopla st s (al so known as

st at oliths ) a re spec i al i zed pl ast i ds
t hat conta i n st arc h granul es a nd
set t l e downwar d i n r esponse t o
gra vity.
PLANT RESPONSE TO WIND
AND tTOUCH
T he m ovement of a pl ant subj ected
o const ant di rect i onal pressure i s
cal led t hi gm ot ropi sm .
A t hi gm onast i c response i s a t ouch
response i ndependent of t he
di rect i on of st i m ul us.

T hi gm om orphogenesi s i s a sl ow
devel opm ent al change i n t he shape
of a pl ant subj ect ed t o cont i nuous
m echani cal st ress.
Au xin s are th e
mai n ho rm on es
resp on sib le for
cell elo ng atio n in
pho to trop ism and
gra vitro p is m.
T he s timu latin g
g ro wth f ac to r w as
f ou nd to b e cy tok inin ,
a hor mo ne th at
p ro mo tes c yto kin esis.
A bs cisic a cid ind uc es
do rm an cy in s eed s by
bl ock ing g erm in atio n
an d pr om otin g th e
sy nth esis of sto rag e
pr ote ins.

GROWTH
Gib b erellin s br eak d or ma ncy E thy len e is asso cia ted

RESPONSE
(a sta te of in hib ited g row th
an d de velo pm en t) in the
see ds of p lan ts tha t req uire
ex pos ur e t o col d or lig ht to
ge rmi nate .
w ith f ruit ri pen ing ,
fl ow er w ilting , a nd
le af fal l. Et hyl en e is
u nu su al bec aus e it i s a
v ola tile ga s.
SE NSORY AND MOTOR
MECHANISMS
OF A N IM A L S
GUESS th e
G i b be r i s
h
 SIN SORRY REST
SIP TO ORE SEALS
SENSORY
RECEPTO
R CELLS
 The sensory system detects signals from the
outside environment and communicates it to
the body via the nervous system. The sensory
system relies on specialized sensory receptor
cells that transduce external stimuli into
changes in membrane potentials.
make a no receipt tour
MECHANORECE
PTORS
 MECHANORECE
Mechanoreceptors are a type of
somatosensoryPTORS
receptors which
relay extracellular stimulus to
intracellular signal transduction
through mechanically gated ion
channels. The external stimuli are
usually in the form of touch,
pressure, stretching, sound waves,
and motion.
MECHANOREC
EPTORS
TOUCH: THE
SOMATOSENSO
RY SYSTEM
Somatosensation is the
sense of touch.
Somatosensation occurs
all over the exterior of
the body and at some
interior locations as
well.
MECHANOREC
EPTORS
SOUND: THE
AUDITORY
SYSTEM
Auditory stimuli are sound waves
that move through a medium, such as
air or water. Because sound waves
exert pressure, sound is detected by
mechanoreceptors.
MECHANOREC
BALANCE
EPTORS AND
MOVEMENT: THE
VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
The stimuli associated with the
vestibular system are linear
acceleration (gravity) and angular
acceleration and deceleration. In
vertebrates, gravity is detected
through head position. Angular
acceleration and deceleration are
expressed through turning or tilting of
the head.
foe too wrest zip thor
PHOTORECEPTO
R
PHOTORECEPT
ORS PHOTORECEPT
OR: VISION
Detection of light occurs
through photoreceptors,
cells that contain
pigment-absorbing
molecules that absorb
light.
CAME MORE reSEAT
CHEMORECEPTO
tore
R
Chemoreceptors

TASTE: THE
GUSTATORY
SYSTEM
Detecting a taste relies on
activation of specific
chemical receptors in taste
receptor cells (gustatory
receptors).
Chemoreceptors

SMELL: THE
OLFACTORY
SYSTEM
An olfactory receptor
responds when it binds
certain molecules inhaled
from the environment by
sending impulses directly
to the olfactory bulb of the
brain.
no sea sep two or
NOCICEPTOR
 Nociceptors

NOCICEPTORS:
TISSUE DAMAGE
AND PAIN
Pain is the name given to
nociception. Pain is caused by
both true sources of injury and
also by harmless stimuli that
mimic the action of damaging
stimuli.
term moo rest sep t0o ore
THERMORECEPT
OR
THERMORECEP
A thermoreceptor
TOR is a sensory receptor or, more
accurately, the receptive portion of a sensory
neuron that codes absolute and relative changes
in temperature, primarily within the innocuous
range. The adequate stimulus for a warm receptor
is warming, which results in an increase in their
action potential discharge rate; cooling results in
a decrease in warm receptor discharge rate.

THERMORECEPTOR: HOT
SENSORY RECEPTORS
M e cha nor ece pto rs : res po nd to ph ys ical def or ma tion of the cell mem br an e fr om
CELLS
m ec han ical e nergy o r pre ssu re, inc lu d ing to uc h, s tretc h, m o tion , o r sou nd .

C he mo rec ep to rs : res pon d to sp ecif ic m ole cules , ofte n di sso lved in a spe cific
m ed iu m (su ch as saliv a or m uc us) , o r a irb orn e mo lec ule s.

Ph ot ore cep tor s : r esp on d to ra dia nt en erg y (v isib le ligh t in mo st ve rteb rate s; visib le
as w ell as U V lig ht in m an y in sect s).

No cice pto rs : resp on d to “ no xio us” s tim uli,

or es sen tially a nyt hin g tha t ca us es t issu e
dam ag e

Th erm or ec epto rs : re spo nd to he at or co ld

ASSIGNM E NT

The sense organs allow us to

perceive the world. Hence, caring
for the sense organs is important.
Your assignment is, choose one
sensory organ and list down tips for
caring this organ.
Thank
Have a nice day!

you!