APPLIED STATISTICS

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS STATISTICS?
 Statistics- is a branch of mathematics that deals with
the collection, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting
numerical data

 Biostatistics- is that branch of statistics concerned

with the mathematical facts and data related to
medical, biological, and public health events.
 USES OF BIOSTATISTICS

1. To test whether the difference between two populations is real or

by chance occurrence.
2. To study the correlation between attributes in the same population.
3. To evaluate the efficacy of vaccines.
4. To measure mortality and morbidity.
5. To evaluate the achievements of public health programs
6. To fix priorities in public health programs
 Why we need to study Medical Statistics?

(1) Basic requirement of medical research.

(2) Update your medical knowledge.

(3) Data management and treatment.

 Types of Statistics

• Broadly speaking, applied statistics can be divided into two

areas: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.
 Descriptive statistics consists of methods for organizing,
displaying, and
describing data by using tables, graphs, and summary
measures.
 Inferential statistics consists of methods that use sample
results to help make decisions or predictions about a
population.
  
Population Versus Sample

Population or Target Population is a population consists of

all elements—individuals, items, or objects—whose
characteristics are being studied.
Or is The whole collection of individuals that one intends to
study.
Sample is a portion of the population selected for study is
referred to as a sample.
  
Population Versus Sample
 Types of Variables
A variable is a characteristic under study that assumes different values for different
elements.
Types of Variables
Quantitative variable is a variable that can be measured numerically is called a
quantitative variable.
Discrete Variable is a variable whose values are countable is called a discrete
variable. In
other words, a discrete variable can assume only certain values with no intermediate
values.
Continuous Variable is a variable that can assume any numerical value over
a certain interval or intervals is called a continuous variable.
Qualitative or Categorical Variable is a variable that cannot assume a numerical value but
can be classified into two or more nonnumeric categories is called a qualitative or
categorical variable.