Wireless Sensor Networks in the field of Medicine

Shahyan Javed 10097388

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List of Contents:
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Aim and Objective Introduction Overview Sensor Network Architecture and Sensor Circuit Different Sensor used in Medical Field Block Diagram and its Explanation Simulation Results Proposed Future Work Conclusion References
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Aim and objective:



The aim of this research is to Develop and evaluate the application of Wireless Sensor Network in Medical field. An in-depth literature review of the technical and business aspects of the sensor networks. Carrying out a small scale simulation of a technical aspects of the sensor networks. To integrate all different sensors to form a single unit for providing patients health information.

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Introduction
General
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Wireless sensor network (WSN) is become one of the most emerging technology. It consists of small, low-power, and low-cost devices that integrate limited computation, sensing, and radio communication capabilities. WSN is one of the most rapidly developing technology Its applications are in a wide range of fields such as:
Industrial process control Security and surveillance Environmental sensing and Structuring Health monitoring [1].
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Sensor Network Architecture:

Figure:1 Sensor Network [4]

This system will provide more realistic indication to the patients health status in the clinically acceptable form.

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Sensor Circuit:

Figure:2 Sensor Circuit [3]

The above circuit shows the working of sensor in figure (1) architecture .

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For Medical applications:

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Health care systems are now focussing on the prevention and early detection of diseases by the use of sensor technology. WSN monitors vital health parameters of the patient continuously. Long term monitoring plays an important role in improving diagnosis and treatment in advance field of medicine. Sensors perform the function of providing real time feed back to the patient about their health condition automatically [2]. This technology has a potential to create great impact on many aspects of emergency medical care such as: Electro Cardio- graph (ECG) sensor Blood pressure measurement sensor Blood oximeter sensor Acoustic Sensor Biosensors

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Electro Cardio-graph (ECG) Sensors Cardio-

Figure:3 ECG Sensor [5]

The signals generated by the ECG system are converted into digital form by the Analog to Digital Convertor and transmitted to the base station that act as interface with the host computer by fast Ethernet or USB.

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Blood Pressure Measurement Sensors

Figure:4 BP measurement Sensor [6]

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Pulse Oximeter Sensor

Figure:5 Pulse Oximeter Sensor [7]

Blood Glucose Sensors

Figure:6 Blood Glucose Sensor [8]

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Block Diagram

Figure:7 Block Diagram by using OPNET

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Explanation
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The transmitted signal from the Node B in the circuit is picked up by a PDA and thus the UMTS network is brought into picture to send the real time data from the patient to the Emergency Medical Technician. UE: Responsible for radio signal processing Node B: capable of managing more than one cell at a time and is connected to the RNC using the Iub interface. RNC: Central node in the radio network and it is responsible for Handover and power control etc. SGSN: It is responsible for packet switched transmission GGSN: It acts as a gateway to the other packet data networks.
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Simulation Results

Figure:5 Simulation Results

The graph above shows the data being sent by UE1 and being received by UE4

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Delay in Transmission

Figure:5 Delay in Transmission

This figure shows the delay occurs during the process of transmitting and receiving the data (Patient information) .

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Future Work:
Worked on three different sensors like Blood pressure sensor, ECG, Body temperature. y Planning to work on other two sensors such as Pulse Oxi-meter Sensors and Blood Glucose Sensors. y In future sensors will not only perform the functions of capturing, storing and transmission of data but where as they will as also serve the purpose of home automation, like controlling of temperature, lights etc.
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Conclusion
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The human-sensor interface circuit is simulated using the OPNET software to give an output that could be further used. This task is very challenging. It made me think about the concepts learned in the theory and their applications in a real scenario. The amount of information to lead with was vast . I can affirm that my knowledge about the Wireless networks was enhanced after this work.
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References
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Networking wireless sensor (Bhaskar Krishnamachari) 2.Yang, Yacoub, Guang-Zhong and Magdi.(2006).Body Sensor Networks.s.l:Birkhuser. F.C.Jain, Mo Zhang and S.K.Islam.(2005). Integrated Circuit for Implantable Sensor. Knoxville: University of Tennessee. Puers, Robert.(2005).Implantable Sensor Systems.Belgium: Engineering Department. [Online]. Retreived on 14 July 2009 from: http://www.disens.tudelft.nl/symposium2005/book/6_puers.pdf Chulsung, park and Chou, PaiH. An Ultra-Wearable, Wireless, Low Power ECG Monitoring System.[Online] Quantum Applied Science & Research (QUASAR),Inc. SanDiego, USA. Retrieved on 2 June 2009 from: http://www.ece.uci.edu/~chou/biocas06-ECG.pdf
Ziaie Babak,Wu Tzu-wen. Implantable Blood Pressure Sensor Cuff for Tronometric Blood Pressure measurement.[online] Retrieved on 2 April 2009 from: http://www.eecs.umich.edu/najafi/pdf/Project_1f.pdf

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Otto Chris, Jovanov,Emil,Milenkovic(2006).Sensor Networks for personal health monitoring:Issues and Implementation.Paper presented at University of Alabama in Huntsville,USA.
Verdonck, Pascal. Nyssen Marc and Haueisen Jens.(2009).A New Calibration Method with support vector machines for oulse oximetry. Retreived on 21 march 2009 from :http://www.springerlink.com/content/w16277067xt2mj72/

8)

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