Chapter 1 Carbohydrates

1.5
Disaccharides

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 Important Disaccharides
A disaccharide
 consists of two monosaccharides

Monosaccharides Disaccharide
Glucose + glucose maltose + H2O
Glucose + galactose lactose + H2O
Glucose + fructose sucrose + H2O

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 Maltose
Maltose is
 a disaccharide also known as malt sugar
 composed of two D-glucose molecules
 obtained from the hydrolysis of starch
 linked by an -1,4-glycosidic bond between the
 —OH on C1 of the first glucose and —OH on C4 of
the second glucose
 used in cereals, candies, and brewing
 found in both the - and - forms

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Formation of Maltose

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 Lactose
Lactose
 is a disaccharide of -D-galactose and - or -D-
glucose
 contains a -1,4-glycosidic bond
 is found in milk and milk products
 is found in both the - and - forms

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Lactose (continued)

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Sucrose
Sucrose, or table sugar,
 is obtained from sugar cane and sugar beets
 consists of -D-glucose and -D-fructose
 has an ,-1,2-glycosidic bond

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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
 Learning Check
Draw the Haworth structures and give the names of the
two monosaccharides that form when sucrose is
hydrolyzed.

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 Solution

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Sweeteners
Sugars and artificial
sweeteners
 differ in sweetness
 are compared to
sucrose (table sugar),
which is assigned a
value of 100

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry 10

 Learning Check
Identify the monosaccharides in each of the following:
A. lactose
1) -D-glucose 2) -D-fructose 3) -D-galactose

B. maltose
1) -D-glucose 2) -D-fructose 3) -D-galactose

C. sucrose
1) -D-glucose 2) -D-fructose 3) -D-galactose

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 Solution
Identify the monosaccharides in each of the following:
A. lactose
1) -D-glucose 3) -D-galactose

B. maltose
1) -D-glucose

C. sucrose
1) -D-glucose 2) -D-fructose

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